吃一堑不长一智:城市公共安全治理缘何陷入循环怪圈?——面向知识管理的危机学习解释  

Falling into the Abyss Won't Increase Your Wisdom:Why Is Urban Public Safety Governance Stuck in A Circular Loop?——Explanation of Crisis Learning Based on Knowledge Management

作　　者：李风山 文宏[1] Li Fengshan;Wen Hong(School of Public Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共管理学院,广州510641

出　　处：《甘肃行政学院学报》2024年第5期112-123,M0007,共13页Journal of Gansu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“危机学习视角下城市应急管理能力评估与提升机理研究:面向事故灾难的实证分析”(72474070);教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“重大突发公共卫生事件背景下的城市治理研究”(21JZD037)。

摘　　要：通过危机学习强化韧性安全城市建设,是城市公共安全治理的题中应有之义。然而,一个普遍的现实困惑是:城市公共安全治理缘何陷入“事故发生—危机学习—事故再次发生”的循环怪圈,表现出“吃一堑不长一智”的特性?基于知识管理理论,构建“知识获取—知识共享—知识保留”的危机学习失灵全过程解释模型,并立足于S市的案例,尝试为上述问题提供新的解释。研究发现:城市公共安全治理的循环怪圈折射出危机学习在行动触发、动态共享和沉淀转化上的三重困境,是多重复杂机制作用下的复合结果。在知识获取环节,不确定情境下的信息遗失、弱学习动机下的信息过滤、强避责导向下的信息隐匿等机制,导致危机学习“开展难”。在知识共享环节,科层结构中的经验保护、转译过程中的经验流失等机制,使得危机学习“共享难”。在知识保留环节,干部更迭的知识中断、知识转化的偏差阻断等机制,催生了危机学习“转化难”。在知识管理视角下揭示城市公共安全治理循环怪圈的发生机理,提出危机学习的全过程解释模型,丰富了危机学习和知识管理理论,有助于为城市公共安全治理效能的提升提供理论启发。Enhancing the development of a resilient and secure urban environment through crisis learning embodies the essential principle of advancing urban public safety governance.However,an intriguing reality persists:urban public safety governance fre⁃quently becomes ensnared in a perplexing cycle characterized by"accident-crisis learning-recurrence of accidents"illustrating the adage that"falling into the abyss does not enhance wisdom".Drawing upon theories of crisis learning and knowledge manage⁃ment,we propose a comprehensive explanatory model for the entire process of crisis learning,which encompasses"knowledge ac⁃quisition-knowledge sharing-knowledge retention".This study aims to offer fresh insights into these challenges by examining re⁃peated production safety incidents in City S.Our findings indicate that the cyclical nature of urban public safety governance reflects a triadic dilemma inherent in action triggering,dynamic sharing,and transformative retention during crisis learning—an outcome shaped by multiple complex mechanisms.Specifically:(1)In the knowledge acquisition phase,information loss amid uncertainty,filtering due to weak motivation for learning,and concealment driven by strong blame-avoidance tendencies contribute to the"chal⁃lenges"associated with crisis learning.(2)During knowledge sharing,hierarchical experience protection mechanisms and experi⁃ence loss during translation hinder effective dissemination of lessons learned from crises(.3)In terms of knowledge retention,inter⁃ruptions caused by personnel turnover and biases obstructing transformation result in significant"transformation difficulties"within crisis learning processes.This article elucidates the cyclical dynamics governing urban public security from a knowledge manage⁃ment perspective while proposing an integrative explanatory model for crisis learning that enriches both theoretical frameworks on these subjects and offers valuable theoretical guidance for enhancing urban public safety governance effectiveness.

关 键 词：城市公共安全 危机学习 知识管理 生产安全事故 韧性安全城市 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]