电子加速器诱变育种材料进展初报  

Preliminary Report on Breeding Materials Induced by Electron Accelerator

作　　者：翟虎渠[1] 曹兵[2] 顾爽 夏志强 夏志辉[2] 龚家建 尹航 李立 李卫 任杰 ZHAI Huqu;CAO Bing;GU Shuang;XIA Zhiqiang;XIA Zhihui;GONG Jiajian;YIN Hang;LI Li;LI Wei;REN Jie(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Sanya Indtitute of Southern Breeding,Hainan University,Hainan Sanya 572025,China;Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Huaian 223001,China;Sanya Mingyao Germplasm Innovation Technology CO.,Ltd.,Hainan Sanya 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院,北京100081 [2]海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院),海南三亚572025 [3]淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001 [4]三亚鸣遥种质创新科技有限公司,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2024年第12期210-216,共7页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室科研专项(NKLTCB202338)。

摘　　要：种质创新是育种的关键,利用电子加速器产生的X射线作为诱变工具,探索并优化这一技术在育种材料中的应用策略。首先,通过精细调控确定了针对不同处理对象的半致死/半致矮剂量阈值,随后逐步微调辐照强度,旨在诱发遗传变异的同时保持处理对象的存活率。进一步探讨了处理材料的最佳处理时机与方式,以期最大化辐照诱导变异的效率。针对多种作物实施了辐照处理,初步成效显著。玉米植株在辐照后表现出显著的株高矮化现象,且矮化程度与处理强度呈正相关;大豆辐照后不仅株高降低,还展现出抗虫性增强,表明辐照诱导了有利性状的产生;藜麦在辐照后株高、叶色、花色及穗形等多个性状上展现出广泛的遗传变异;通过特定辐照处理并筛选,成功培育出具有显著抗除草剂特性的水稻植株,为杂草管理提供了新策略。以上研究结果不仅丰富了诱变育种的理论体系,也为作物遗传改良与品种创新开辟了新途径。Germplasm innovation is the cornerstone of breeding,so the X-rays generated by electron accelerators was as a mutagenic tool to explore and optimize the application strategies of breeding materials.Initially,through meticulous adjustments,the semi-lethal/semi-dwarf dose thresholds were established for diverse treatment subjects.Subsequently,fine-tuning of irradiation intensities was performed to elicit genetic variations,and the treated materials maintained high survival rates.Furthermore,the optimal timing and approach for material treatment were explored to maximize the efficiency of irradiation-induced mutations.The irradiation treatments were implemented on a wide range of crops,achieving notable preliminary successes.Maize plants exhibited pronounced dwarfing after irradiation,and the degree of dwarfing was positively correlated with the treatment intensity.After irradiation,soybean plants exhibited reduced plant height and enhanced insect resistance,indicating the induction of favorable traits through irradiation.Quinoa treated by irradiation manifested extensive genetic variations of multiple traits,including plant height,leaf color,flower color and panicle morphology.Through specific irradiation treatments and screening,rice plants with significant herbicide resistance were successfully bred,offering a novel strategy for weed management.Above results not only enriched the theoretical framework of mutagenic breeding,but also opened up new avenues for crop genetic improvement and variety innovation.

关 键 词：电子加速器 辐照诱变 半致死剂量 育种 

分 类 号：Q319.33[生物学—遗传学]