城市人口性别结构特征及成因——基于我国16个特大城市的测算与分析  

Characteristics and Causes of Urban Population Gender Structure——Based on the Measurement and Analysis of 16 Mega Cities in China

作　　者：王胜男 郭娟 王辉 WANG Sheng nan;GUO Juan;WANG Hui(Anhui Xinhua University,Hefei 230088,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽新华学院商学院,安徽合肥230088

出　　处：《哈尔滨学院学报》2024年第12期42-47,共6页Journal of Harbin University

基　　金：2022年安徽省省级质量工程教育教学改革研究项目,项目编号2022jyxm663;2022年安徽新华学院校级科研项目,项目编号2022rw001。

摘　　要：文章借助陈友华构建的人口性别结构指数,基于我国特大城市户籍人口数据刻画其人口性别结构特征及其成因。经测算,2019年我国16城中有12城户籍人口性别结构正常,4城户籍人口性别结构失调。进而探究我国特大城市人口性别结构“女多男少”的影响因素:一是老龄化占据主要地位,老龄人口中女性占比较高;二是女性受教育程度提高,使得女性凭借教育优势更易在大城市落户安家;三是女性职业构成中专业技术人员、办事人员和商服人员占比上升明显,大城市可为女性提供多元的职业岗位。鉴于此,为实现人口性别结构对经济高质量发展的驱动效应,提出需要不断优化人力资本性别结构,均衡高人力资本性别比重。This article utilizes the population gender structure index constructed by Chen Youhua to depict the characteristics and causes of population gender structure based on the registered population data of mega cities in China.The calculations show that in 2019,among the 16 cities,12 had a normal gender structure,while 4 exhibited gender imbalance.Furthermore,this study explores the influencing factors of the“more females than males”gender structure in China’s mega cities:first,aging plays a major role,with a higher proportion of females among the elderly population;second,the increasing educational attainment of women allows them to more easily settle and establish homes in large cities;third,there is a significant rise in the proportion of women in professional and technical positions,administrative staff,and service personnel,with large cities offering diverse job opportunities for women.In light of this,to achieve the driving effect of population gender structure on high quality economic development,it is proposed that the gender structure of human capital needs to be continuously optimized to balance the high proportion of human capital by gender.

关 键 词：特大城市 人口性别结构 老龄化 女性教育 职业构成 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]