小麦遗传构成及重要性状功能基因组成解析  

Genetic composition and important trait functional genes composition of wheat

作　　者：陈真真 申冠宇 王轲 陈金平 李梅 周国勤 CHEN Zhen-zhen;SHEN Guan-yu;WANG Ke;CHEN Jin-ping;LI Mei;ZHOU Guo-qin(Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang,Henan 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第10期2980-2989,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家小麦产业技术体系专项(CARS-03-01A);河南省重大科技专项“揭榜挂帅”科技项目(21110110800)。

摘　　要：【目的】解析小麦品种信麦136的遗传物质构成和重要功能基因组成,以期为小麦新品种选育及种质资源创制提供理论参考。【方法】对信麦136及其母本扬麦15-1和父本信麦79进行55K SNP芯片扫描和KASP功能标记检测,明确其遗传组成及适应性、产量、籽粒品质、面粉品质、抗逆性等相关功能基因的组成。【结果】信麦136及其亲本中共获得40465个有效SNP位点,其中,有9399个位点在母本扬麦15-1和父本信麦79间呈丰富的多态性,在21条染色体和A、B、D3个基因组上均呈现不均匀分布状态。母本扬麦15-1和父本信麦79对信麦136的平均遗传贡献率分别为49.26%和50.74%。母本扬麦15-1的遗传贡献率大于父本信麦79的染色体有9条,而其他12条染色体表现为父本信麦79的遗传贡献率大于母本扬麦15-1。适应性相关基因方面,信麦136与母本扬麦15-1和父本信麦79在开花基因(1个)、春化基因(3个)、光周期基因(3个)和芒基因(1个)上完全一致,仅在株高Rht-D1基因上有差异,信麦136及其母本扬麦15-1表现为矮秆,父本信麦79表现为高秆。产量相关基因方面,信麦136与其亲本在Ta GW2-6B、TGW7A和Sus1-7A基因上均表现为高千粒重;信麦136及其父本信麦79在TaGS2-B1基因上均表现为高生物量。籽粒品质相关基因方面,信麦136与亲本均含有高分子量谷蛋白亚基含量基因(Glu-A3)、低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量基因(Glu-B3、Glu-B3e和Glu-A3b)、正常蛋白质含量基因(GCP)和增加蛋白质含量基因(NAM-6A)。面粉品质相关性状方面,信麦136与亲本在TaPds-B1、PsyB1c和PsyA1基因上均表现为低黄色素含量,而在ALPb7A基因上均表现为高面团强度。抗逆相关基因方面,信麦136与亲本在Sr36基因上均表现为感秆锈病,在Lr34基因上均表现为抗叶锈病,在TaMFT基因上均表现为感穗发芽,在Vp1B1和TaSdr-B1基因上均表现为抗穗发芽,在TaDreb-B1基因上均表现为抗旱;在1fehw3基�【Objective】To investigate the composition of genetic material and important functional genes of wheat varie-ty Xinmai 136,with a view to providing theoretical reference for the selection and breeding of new wheat varieties and the creation of germplasm resources.【Method】Xinmai 136 and its female parent Yangmai 15-1 and male parent Xinmai 79 were detected by 55K SNP chip scanning and KASP functional markers to determine the genetic composition and the composition of related functional genes such as adaptability,yield,grain quality,flour quality and stress resistance.【Result】A total of 40465 effective SNP loci were obtained in Xinmai 136 and its parents,among which 9399 loci showed rich polymorphism between the female parent Yangmai 15-1 and male parent Xinmai 79,with heterogeneous distribution on 21 chromosomes and 3 genomes,A,B and D.The average genetic contributions of the female parent Yangmai 15-1 and male parent Xinmai 79 to Xinmai 136 were 49.26%and 50.74%respectively.There were 9 chromosomes in which the genetic contribution of female parent Yangmai 15-1 was greater than that of male parent Xinmai 79,while the other 12 chromosomes showed that the genetic contribution of male parent Xinmai 79 was greater than that of female parent Yangmai 15-1.Regarding the genes related to adaptation,Xinmai 136 was completely identical to female parent Yangmai 15-1 and male parent Xinmai 79 in terms of the genes for flowering(1 gene),vernalisation(3 genes),photoperiodi-city(3 genes)and awn(1 gene).There was only difference in the plant height Rht-D1 gene,with Xinmai 136 and its female parent Yangmai 15-1 showing dwarf culms,male parent Xinmai 79 showing high culms.In terms of yield related genes,both Xinmai 136 and its parents showed high thousand-kernel weight in TaGW2-6B,TGW7A and Sus1-7A genes,while both Xinmai 136 and its male parent Xinmai 79 showed high biomass in TaGS2-B1 gene.For grain quality related genes,both Xinmai 136 and its parents contained high molecular weight glutenin subunit content gene(Glu-

关 键 词：小麦 信麦136 遗传构成 SNP 功能基因 

分 类 号：S512.103.53[农业科学—作物学]