贵州烟草根结线虫种类鉴定及其与根茎类病害混合侵染情况调查  

Identification of tobacco root-knot nematode species and survey on their mixed infestations with root and tuber diseases in Guizhou

作　　者：吴秀庆 李彩斌 罗杰 马桂妹 陆宁 陈兴江 曹毅 WU Xiu-qing;LI Cai-bin;LUO Jie;MA Gui-mei;LU Ning;CHEN Xing-jiang;CAO Yi(Guizhou Institute of Tobacco Science,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081,China;School of Tobacco,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Bijie Company,Guizhou Tobacco Company,Bijie,Guizhou 551700,China;Qianxinan Company,Guizhou Tobacco Company,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400,China;School of Life Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵州贵阳550081 [2]贵州大学烟草学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700 [4]贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司,贵州兴义562400 [5]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第10期3013-3022,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大科技项目[110202101055(LS-15)]、中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(2021XM12,2023XM05)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确贵州主要烟区烟草根结线虫种类、分布、发生规律及其与烟草主要根茎类病害混合发生情况,为贵州抗根结线虫烟草品种选育、烟叶生产布局、根结线虫病综合防治策略制定提供科学依据。【方法】以采集自贵州9个市(州)主栽烟区98份疑似烟草根结线虫病根样本为材料,使用染色镜检、雌虫会阴花纹形态观察及分子生物学方法对根结线虫种类进行鉴定;采用染色法和贝曼漏斗法对根结线虫发生规律(根结线虫大田初侵染期、生活史周期及土壤线虫数量变化规律)进行调查;采用PCR技术对根结线虫病根样本中烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora nicotianae)、根黑腐病菌(Thielaviopsis basicola)和青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)进行检测。【结果】98份样本中有49份感染根结线虫,其中21份为花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)单一侵染,占42.86%,为当前贵州烟草根结线虫的优势种群;11份为南方根结线虫(M.incognita)单一侵染,占22.45%;花生根结线虫与南方根结线虫混合种群、花生根结线虫与爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)混合种群侵染占比分别为30.61%和2.04%;1份未检测出线虫,占2.04%。从各产区来看,毕节市主要为花生根结线虫单一侵染和花生根结线虫与南方根结线虫混合侵染,安顺市和贵阳市为花生根结线虫单一侵染,六盘水市主要为花生根结线虫单一侵染,黔东南州和黔南州为南方根结线虫单一侵染及花生根结线虫与南方根结线虫混合侵染,黔西南州主要为花生根结线虫单一侵染,铜仁市为南方根结线虫单一侵染和花生根结线虫与南方根结线虫混合侵染,遵义市主要为花生根结线虫与南方根结线虫混合侵染。黑胫病、根黑腐病和青枯病等根茎类病害易与根结线虫混合侵染,3种病原菌的检出率分别为4.1%、6.1%和20.4%。根结线虫初侵染期为栽后5~10 d,生活史周期约35 d;移栽后第15、20、25、30、35�【Objective】To clarify the distribution of tobacco root-knot nematode species,the occurrence pattern and its mixed infestations with major root and stem diseases in major tobacco areas of Guizhou,and to provide scientific basis for the selection and breeding of root-knot nematode resistant tobacco varieties,tobacco production layout,and the formulation of integrated control strategies for root-knot nematode diseases in Guizhou.【Method】Using 98 samples of tobacco root-knot nematode infected roots collected from the main planting areas of 9 cities(prefecture)in Guizhou as materials,and the root-knot nematode species were identified by staining microscopy,morphological observation of the female perineal pattern,and molecular biology methods;the root-knot nematode incidence patterns(the initial infestation period of the root-knot nematode in the field,the life-history cycle,and the change pattern of the number of nematodes in the soil)were investigated using the dyeing and the Behmann funnel methods;and PCR technology was used to test Phytophthora nicotianae,Thielaviopsis basicola and Ralstonia solanacearum in root-knot nematode root samples.【Result】A total of 49 of the 98 samples were infested with root-knot nematodes,of which 21 samples(42.86%)were singly infested with Meloidogyne arenaria,the dominant population in Guizhou;and 11 samples(22.45%)were singly infested with M.incognita.Infestation rates of M.arenaria and M.incognita mixed population,M.arenaria and M.javanica mixed population were 30.61%and 2.04%respectively;there was 1 sample detected no root-knot nematode,which accounted for 2.04%.From the producing areas,Bijie City mainly had single infestation of M.arenaria and compound infestation of M.arenaria and M.incognita,Anshun City and Guiyang City had infestation by single M.arenaria,Liupanshui City had mainly single infestation of M.arenaria,Qiandongnan Prefecture and Qiannan Prefecture had single infestation of M.incognita and compound infestation of M.incognita and M.arenaria,Qianxinan mainly

关 键 词：烟草 根结线虫 种类分布 混合侵染 贵州 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]