不同养殖模式下生长迟缓与正常华南鲤肠道健康状况的比较  

Comparison of intestinal health status in growth-stunted and normal Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus under different aquaculture modes

作　　者：耿国华 朱华平[2,3] 马冬梅 钟再选[2,3] 赵淑皓 樊佳佳 田园园 韩芳[1] 刘贤德 GENG Guo-hua;ZHU Hua-ping;MA Dong-mei;ZHONG Zai-xuan;ZHAO Shu-hao;FAN Jia-jia;TIAN Yuan-yuan;HAN Fang;LIU Xian-de(Fisheries College,Jimei University,Xiamen,Fujian 361021,China;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510380,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021 [2]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380 [3]广东省水产动物免疫与绿色养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第10期3147-3159,共13页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2400203);国家自然科学基金项目(32072971);广东省乡村振兴战略专项(2022-SPY-00-019);福建省科技计划项目(2023N0011)。

摘　　要：【目的】从肠道健康角度揭示华南鲤生长迟缓的原因,为深入探究鱼类生长迟缓现象与肠道健康的内在关联提供理论依据。【方法】取当年同批繁殖的华南鲤幼鱼,分别在循环水和池塘网箱2种养殖模式下养殖5个月,根据其体质量分为4组[循环水模式生长正常组(R-N),循环水模式生长迟缓组(R-GS),池塘网箱模式生长正常组(P-N),池塘网箱模式生长迟缓组(P-GS)],然后比较分析4组华南鲤的肠道组织形态、消化酶活性及菌群结构差异。【结果】2种养殖模式下,生长迟缓华南鲤的肠绒毛高度和肌层厚度均显著低于生长正常华南鲤(P<0.05,下同),肠道淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性也低于生长正常华南鲤,其中胰蛋白酶活性差异达显著水平。池塘网箱模式下华南鲤肠道菌群Alpha多样性指标显著高于循环水模式下的华南鲤;但同一养殖模式下,生长迟缓与正常华南鲤的肠道菌群Alpha多样性差异不显著(P>0.05,下同)。相对于生长正常华南鲤,循环水模式生长迟缓华南鲤肠道变形菌门相对丰度显著降低,而脱硫杆菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度显著升高;池塘网箱模式生长迟缓华南鲤肠道梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著下降,而绿弯菌门、蓝藻门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度显著升高,脱硫杆菌门、放线菌门、浮霉菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度也有所升高,但差异不显著。在属分类水平上,循环水模式生长迟缓华南鲤肠道的未分类脱硫弧菌科、红球菌属、弧菌属和希瓦氏菌属相对丰度较生长正常华南鲤显著升高;池塘网箱模式生长迟缓华南鲤肠道的unclassified Pirellulaceae和Fimbriiglobus相对丰度较生长正常华南鲤显著升高。KEGG信号通路分析结果表明,2种养殖模式下生长迟缓与正常华南鲤肠道丰度差异菌群均显著富集在内分泌系统通路上。【结论】无论是在池塘网箱模式还是循环水【Objective】To elucidate the causes of stunted growth in Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus from the perspective of intestinal health,which provided theoretical reference for further investigation of the intrinsic relationship between the fish stunted growth and intestinal health.【Method】C.carpio rubrofuscus juveniles bred in the same batch in the same year were cultured in 2 culture modes for 5 months:recirculating water system and pond netting.They were then divided into 4 groups according to their body weight,with the following designations:normal group in recirculating water system(R-N);growth-stunted group in recirculating water system(R-GS);normal group in pond netting(P-N);growth-stunted group in pond netting(P-GS).The differences in intestinal tissue morphology,digestive enzyme activities and bacterial flora structure of C.carpio rubrofuscus among the 4 groups were compared and analyzed.【Result】In the 2 culture modes,the height of intestinal villi and the thickness of muscularis propria of growth-stunted C.carpio rubrofuscus were significantly lower than those of normal C.carpio rubrofuscus(P<0.05,the same below),and the activities of intestinal amylase,trypsin and lipase were lower than those of normal C.carpio rubrofuscus,with the difference in the activity of trypsin reaching a significant level.The Alpha diversity of the intestinal flora of C.carpio rubrofuscus in the pond netting mode was significantly higher than that of C.carpio rubrofuscus in the recirculating water system mode;however,the difference in the Alpha diversity of intestinal flora of growth-stunted and normal-growing C.carpio rubrofuscus in the same culture mode was not significant(P>0.05,the same below).Compared with the normal-growing C.carpio rubrofuscus,the relative abundance of growth-stunted C.carpio rubrofuscus intestinal Proteobacteria was significantly decreased in the recirculating water system mode,while the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were significantly increased;the relative abu

关 键 词：华南鲤 生长迟缓 肠道健康 消化酶 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S965.116[农业科学—水产养殖]