广西长洲水利枢纽上下游鱼类群落结构及其生态位分析  

Analysis of fish community structure and elological niche in upstream and downstream of Changzhou Dam in Guangxi

作　　者：衷英杰 谭细畅 吴志强[1,4] 何佳洋 孙扬言 宋韵涛 刘昊 乔梁 ZHONG Ying-jie;TAN Xi-chang;WU Zhi-qiang;HE Jia-yang;SUN Yang-yan;SONG Yun-tao;LIU Hao;QIAO Liang(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Hydrology Bureau of Pearl River Water Resources Commission of Ministry of Water Resources,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510610,China;Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004 [2]广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]水利部珠江水利委员会水文局,广东广州510610 [4]广西岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第10期3160-3168,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060830);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22035050)。

摘　　要：【目的】全面分析广西长洲水利枢纽上下游鱼类群落结构和主要鱼类时空生态位,为长洲水利枢纽鱼道的合理运行及其上下游鱼类资源和栖息地的保护提供参考依据。【方法】2022年7—8月(夏季)、2022年11月(秋季)、2023年2月(冬季)和2023年5月(春季)连续4个季度对长洲水利枢纽上下游的鱼类资源状况进行调查,采用Pinkas相对重要指数(IRI)确定优势种,运用非度量多维排序(NMDS)分析鱼类群落结构空间差异,选择冗余分析(RDA)探究主要鱼类与环境因子的相关性,并通过生态位宽度(B_(ij))和生态位重叠指数(Q_(ik))评估主要鱼类的时空生态位。【结果】共采集到鱼类2669尾,隶属于13目26科66属80种,以定居性、杂食性、底层鱼类为主,洄游性鱼类明显减少。长洲水利枢纽上下游鱼类群落优势种有三角鲂、赤眼鳟、鳊、鲮和海南鲌等,且下游鱼类群落随季节的变化较上游鱼类群落更明显。水体pH、温度和溶解氧是影响长洲水利枢纽上下游鱼类群落结构分布特征的主要环境因子。长洲水利枢纽上下游主要鱼类的空间生态位宽度变化范围在0.640~0.693,时空生态位宽度变化范围在0.436~0.960,属于窄生态位种,即鱼类对资源的利用情况不佳,对环境的适应能力和空间竞争能力均较弱;空间生态位重叠指数变化范围在0.904~1.000,均为显著重叠(Q_(ik)>0.6),即鱼类对资源的利用程度极其相似。【结论】长洲水利枢纽上下游鱼类群落结构无明显差异,说明鱼道为上下游鱼类群落的交流提供了保障,但三角鲂、鲥、三线舌鳎、花鰶等少数鱼类仍受到影响,因此长洲水利枢纽鱼道应在运行水位和运行时间上进行全面综合考虑,同时要加大增殖放流力度,规范渔民捕鱼方式,并持续实施禁渔期制度。【Objective】The aim of the study was to comprehensively analyze the upstream and downstream fish community structure and major fish temporal-space ecological niche of Guangxi Changzhou Dam,and provide reference basis for the rational operation of fish passage and its upstream and downstream fish resources and habitat protection of Changzhou Dam in Guangxi.【Method】The fish resources status in upstream and downstream of the Changzhou Dam was investigated in 4 consecutive seasons in July-August 2022(summer),November 2022(autumn),February 2023(winter),and May 2023(spring),and the dominant species were identified by using the Pinkas relative importance index(IRI),and the spatial differences in fish community structure was analyzed by applying the non-metric multi-dimensional disordering(NMDS),the correlation between major fish species and environmental factors was explored by redundancy analysis of selection(RDA),and the spatial and temporal ecological niches of major fish species were assessed by ecological niche breadth(B_(ij))and ecological niche overlap index(Q_(ik)).【Result】A total of 2669 fish samples were collected,belon-ging to 13 orders,26 families,66 genera and 80 and dominated by sedentary,omnivorous and demersal fishes,with migratory fish greatly reduced.The dominant species in the upstream and downstream fish communities of the Changzhou Dam included Megalobrama terminalis,Squaliobarbus curriculus,Parabramis pekinensis,Cirrhinus molitorella and Culter recurviceps,and the seasonal changes of the downstream fish communities were more obvious than that of the upstream fish communities.Water pH,temperature and dissolved oxygen were the main environmental factors affecting the structural and distributional characteristics of the upstream and downstream fish communities in the Changzhou Dam.The spatial ecological niche breadth of the main fish species in upstream and downstream of the Changzhou Dam varied from 0.640 to 0.693,and the temporal and spatial niche breadth ranged from 0.436 to 0.960,belong

关 键 词：鱼类资源 优势种 环境因子 生态位 广西长洲水利枢纽 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]