我国黄瓜土壤速效钾丰缺指标和适宜施钾量研究  

Study on Abundance-deficiency Index of Soil Available Potassium and Appropriate Potassium Application Rates for Cucumber in China

作　　者：郭炳麟 孙洪仁[1] 张吉萍 王尚波 王志栋 GUO Binglin;SUN Hongren;ZHANG Jiping;WANG Shangbo;WANG Zhidong(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Shandong Liangtu Biological Technology Company,Qihe 251100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]山东良土生物科技有限公司,山东齐河251100

出　　处：《蔬菜》2024年第12期20-30,共11页Vegetables

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“现代牧草产业技术体系”(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：为了给我国黄瓜测土施钾提供科学依据,采用以“零散试验数据整合法”“土壤养分丰缺分级改良方案”和“养分平衡—地力差减法新应用公式”为核心的作物测土推荐施肥系统研究新方法,对我国黄瓜土壤速效钾丰缺指标与适宜施钾量开展了研究。基于中国知网数据库检索文献,建立我国黄瓜缺钾处理相对产量与土壤速效钾含量的回归方程,划分出土壤有效磷丰缺级别,进而确定适宜的施钾量。结果表明:我国黄瓜土壤速效钾第1~5级丰缺指标依次为≥416、159~415、61~158、25~60 mg/kg和<25 mg/kg。当黄瓜目标产量为45~450 t/hm^(2)、钾肥利用率40%~60%时,第1~5级土壤的适宜施钾量范围分别为0、21~315、42~630、63~945 kg/hm^(2)和84~1260 kg/hm^(2);钾肥利用率60%、55%、50%、45%和40%的适宜施钾量范围分别为0~840、0~916、0~1008、0~1120 kg/hm^(2)和0~1260 kg/hm^(2);目标产量45、60、75、90、105、120、135、150、165、180、195、210、225、240、255、270、285、300、315、330、345、360、375、390、405、420、435 t/hm^(2)和450 t/hm^(2)的适宜施钾量范围依次为0~126、0~168、0~210、0~252、0~294、0~336、0~378、0~420、0~462、0~504、0~546、0~588、0~630、0~672、0~714、0~756、0~798、0~840、0~882、0~924、0~966、0~1008、0~1050、0~1092、0~1134、0~1176、0~1218 kg/hm^(2)和0~1260 kg/hm^(2)。研究初步建立了我国黄瓜土壤速效钾丰缺指标的测土推荐施钾系统,为我国黄瓜测土施钾提供了科学依据。In order to provide scientific basis for soil testing and potassium application of cucumber in China,a new study method for recommended fertilization system of crop based on soil nutrient abundance-deficiency index (ADI) were employed to investigate the ADI of soil available potassium (SAK) and the appropriate potassium application rates (AKAR) for cucumber in China.The new study method was consisted of “the method of integrating scattered experimental data” “soil nutrient abundance-deficiency grading improved system” and “the new application formula of nutrient balance and projected yield subtract soil fertility yield”.Through relevant literatures in CNKI database,the regression equation between SAK content and relative yield of cucumber treated with potassium deficiency in China was established,and the abundance and deficiency levels of soil available potassium were divided,and the AKAR was calculated.The results showed that the ADI of SAK for cucumber in China for the 1st to 5th level were ≥416,159-415,61-158,25-60 mg/kg and <25 mg/kg,respectively.When the target yield of cucumber was 45-450 t/hm^(2),and the potassium fertilizer use efficiency (KFUE) was 40%-60%,the AKAR for abundance-deficiency level 1 to 5 were 0,21-315,42-630,63-945,84-1 260 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The AKAR for KFUE of 60%,55%,50%,45% and 40% were 0-840,0-916,0-1 008,0-1 120 kg/hm^(2) and 0-1 260 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The AKAR for the target yield of 45,60,75,90,105,120,135,150,165,180,195,210,225,240,255,270,285,300,315,330,345,360,375,390,405,420,435 t/hm^(2) and 450 t/hm^(2) were 0-126,0-168,0-210,0-252,0-294,0-336,0-378,0-420,0-462,0-504,0-546,0-588,0-630,0-672,0-714,0-756,0-798,0-840,0-882,0-924,0-966,0-1 008,0-1 050,0-1 092,0-1 134,0-1 176,0-1 218 kg/hm^(2) and 0-1 260 kg/hm^(2),respectively.This study preliminarily establishes a recommended potassium application system based on ADI of SAK for cucumber in China,providing a scientific basis for soil testing and potassium fertilizer recommendation of cucumber in China.

关 键 词：黄瓜 测土施肥 土壤养分 丰缺指标 相对产量 目标产量 肥料利用率 施肥量 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]