茄科蔬菜属间嫁接接穗性状、杂交亲和性研究  

Studies on of Scion Traits and Cross-compatibility of Intergeneric Grafting of Solanaceae Vegetables

作　　者：王帅[1] WANG Shuai(Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029

出　　处：《蔬菜》2024年第12期39-45,共7页Vegetables

基　　金：种植业保障支撑(蔬菜作物生产监测高效创建)项目;现代农业产业技术体系北京市设施蔬菜创新团队建设项目(BAIC01-2024-06)。

摘　　要：为扩大茄科蔬菜遗传变异,创造新的变异类型,构建嫁接杂交渐渗系,创新茄科蔬菜作物新种质,以茄科番茄属野生番茄醋栗番茄、栽培种番茄原味1号和红福瑞为接穗,以茄属的香瓜茄为砧木,分析比较了属间嫁接的成活率及接穗株高、茎粗、叶片大小、裂叶大小、叶片叶绿素相对含量、单株坐果率等指标。结果表明:香瓜茄与番茄属间嫁接成活率较高,均在87%以上,嫁接亲和性较高。属间嫁接会抑制接穗番茄的株高和茎粗,且接穗复叶顶生裂片发生表型变异。其中,红福瑞生长受抑制影响最小,茎粗虽然较对照(自根苗)下降28.89%,但2者间差异不显著,砧穗率(-0.29%)更接近于0,接口愈合优于其他接穗,叶片SPAD值较对照显著提升12.77%,且与其他接穗间差异显著;其次是醋栗番茄,嫁接成活率和株高均最高,分别为89.34%和125.67 cm,砧穗率(-0.37%)也较接近于0。属间嫁接提高了属间杂交的坐果率,红福瑞、醋栗番茄与香瓜茄嫁接后均获得了属间杂交种子,杂交平均坐果率分别为20.56%、11.67%,单果种子数量分别为0.75、4.00粒。综合分析认为,香瓜茄可用于番茄种质资源的创新,红福瑞和醋栗番茄均可以作为中间材料将香瓜茄的优良品质导入更多的番茄材料中。In order to expand the genetic variation of Solanaceae vegetables,create new variation types,construct grafting hybrid introgression lines and innovate new germplasm of Solanaceae vegetables,taking wild tomato variety of Solanum pimpinellifolium and cultivated tomato varieties of 'Yuanwei No.1' and 'Hongfurui' as scions,and using pepino of Solanaceae as rootstock,the survival percentage of grafting,plant height,stem diameter,the size of leaves and decomposite leaves,chlorophyll relative content and fruit setting percentage of each plant were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the survival percentage of intergeneric grafting between pepino and tomatoes were high,which were all above 87% with higher grafting compatibility.Intergeneric grafting inhibited plant height and stem diameter of scion,and phenotypic variation occurred in apical lobes of compound leaves of scion.Among them,the inhibition on growth of 'Hongfurui' was the least,the stem diameter decreased by 28.89% compared with the control (self-rooted seedlings),but there was no difference between them,meanwhile the anvil-ear percentage (-0.29%) was close to 0,and the interface healing was better than other scions,the leaf SPAD value was significantly increased by 12.77% compared with the control,and the differences were significant compared to other scions.Followed by S.pimpinellifolium,the grafting survival percentage and plant height were all the highest with 89.34% and 125.67 cm,respectively,and the anvil-ear percentage (-0.37%) was also close to 0.The fruit setting percentage of intergeneric hybrid was improved in intergeneric grafting,and intergeneric hybrid seeds were all obtained by grafting pepino with 'Hongfurui' and S.pimpinellifolium,with the average fruit setting percentage of intergeneric hybrid of 20.56% and 11.67%,respectively,and the number of single fruit seeds of 0.75 and 4.00,respectively.According to the comprehensive analysis,pepino can be used for the innovation of tomato germplasm resources,and both 'Hongfurui' and S.pimpin

关 键 词：香瓜茄 野生番茄 属间嫁接 性状变化 嫁接杂交亲和性 种质创新 坐果率 

分 类 号：S641[农业科学—蔬菜学]