真菌修复酸性矿山废水试验研究  

Experimental Study on Restoration of Acid Mine Drainage by Fungi

作　　者：贺笑 王绍平 刘兵 张先昂 翟冰艳 HE Xiao;WANG Shaoping;LIU Bing;ZHANG Xian'ang;ZHAI Bingyan(Nanshan Mining Co.,Ltd.,Anhui Masteel Mining Resources Group;Ecological Restoration Technology Branch,Anhui Masteel Mining Resources Group)

机构地区：[1]安徽马钢矿业资源集团南山矿业有限公司,安徽省马鞍山市243000 [2]安徽马钢矿业资源集团生态修复科技分公司,安徽省马鞍山市243000

出　　处：《现代矿业》2024年第11期212-216,共5页Modern Mining

摘　　要：为了研究生物方法对酸性矿山废水的修复潜力,针对传统中和法处理矿山酸性废水存在的处理成本高、易造成二次污染、不利于社会经济与生态环境可持续发展等缺点,进行了真菌修复酸性矿山废水的试验研究。首先从酸性矿山废水中分离出真菌,然后通过形态和18s rDNA鉴定真菌类别,研究其对酸性矿山废水的溶解氧、ORP、酚酞酸度和pH值的影响,分析其对多种金属离子和硫酸根的去除作用。试验结果表明:分离出的耐酸菌为Aspergillus sp.MF1,以其为骨架形成的生物膜可以降低废水中的溶解氧、氧化还原电位和酚酞酸度,提高废水pH值,对TFe、Zn^(2+)、Cu^(2+)及Cd^(2+)的去除效率最高分别达79.39%、83.76%、97.10%、99.01%;说明Aspergillus sp.MF1等微生物可以提高酸性矿山废水的pH值,降低金属离子浓度,对修复和治理酸性矿山废水具有潜在的应用价值;该研究可为酸性矿山废水的生物修复提供材料基础和实践依据。In order to study the remediation potential of biological methods on acid mine wastewater,aiming at the shortcomings of traditional neutralization method in the treatment of acid mine wastewater,such as high treatment cost,easy to cause secondary pollution,and not conducive to the sustainable development of social economy and ecological environment,the experimental study of fungal remediation of acid mine wastewater is carried out.Firstly,fungi were separated from acid mine wastewater,and then the fungi were identified by morphology and 18 s rDNA.The effects of fungi on dissolved oxygen,ORP,phenolphthalein acidity and pH value of acid mine wastewater were studied,and their removal effects on various metal ions and sulfate were analyzed.The results showed that the acid-resistant bacteria separated was Aspergillus sp.MF1.The biofilm formed by Aspergillus sp.MF1 could reduce the dissolved oxygen,redox potential and phenolphthalein acidity in wastewater,and increase the pH value of wastewater.The removal efficiency of TFe,Zn^(2+),Cu^(2+),Cd^(2+)is up to 79.39%,83.76%,97.10%and 99.01%,respectively.It shows that Aspergillus sp.MF1 and other microorganisms can increase the pH value of acid mine wastewater and reduce the concentration of metal ions,which has potential application value for repairing and treating acid mine wastewater.This study can provide material basis and practical basis for bioremediation of acid mine drainage.

关 键 词：酸性矿山废水 重金属 丝状真菌 生物修复 

分 类 号：X751[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172