灌水下限对北疆棉花光合生理和产量的影响  

Effect of Irrigation Lower Limit on Photosynthetic Physiology and Yield of Cotton in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：齐文婷 王航 薛皓文 王政钧 马晓鹏[4] 王建东 肖娟[1] QI Wen-ting;WANG Hang;XUE Hao-wen;WANG Zheng-jun;MA Xiao-peng;WANG Jian-dong;XIAO Juan(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Institute of Western Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji 831100,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024 [2]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]新疆农业科学院农业节水与土壤肥料研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第12期95-101,110,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2023B02014-3,2023B02024-1);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ZDRW202417);新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”引进计划。

摘　　要：针对不同灌水下限对棉花叶片光合参数及产量影响的问题,通过大田试验,以当地常规滴灌作为对照(CK)分别在蕾期设置两种灌水下限:60%~65%田间持水量(θ_(田))、70%~75%θ_(田),花铃期设置3种灌水下限:55%~60%θ_(田)、60%~65%θ_(田)、70%~75%θ_(田),共设计6种不同灌水下限处理,分析其对棉花不同生育阶段的光合特性和产量的影响,并探究了土壤重量含水率与光合参数之间的相关关系。研究结果表明,土壤重量含水率与棉花的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈显著正相关,与叶片水分利用效率呈负相关。综合考虑棉花灌水量、光合特性和产量的差异,运用TOPSIS熵权法进行综合效益评价,建议蕾期和花铃期灌水下限均设置为70%~75%θ_(田),此时全生育期灌溉定额较CK降低26.32%,产量为6946.65 kg/hm^(2),较CK处理提高26.46%,实现了棉花灌溉定额的大幅度降低和产量的显著提高(P<0.05)。To address the issue of the effects of different irrigation lower limits on photosynthetic parameters and yield of cotton leaves,this study was conducted through a field experiment,using local conventional drip irrigation as the control(CK)to set two irrigation lower limits at the bud stage:60%~65%field capacity and 70%~75%field capacity,and three irrigation lower limits at the boll stage:55%~60%field capacity,60%~65%field capacity,and 70%~75%field capacity,respectively.A total of six different irrigation lower limit treatments were designed to analyze their effects on photosynthetic characteristics and yield at different fertility stages of cotton,and the correlations between soil weight water content and photosynthetic parameters were explored.The results showed that soil weight water content was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of cotton,and negatively correlated with leaf water use efficiency.Considering the differences in cotton irrigation amount,photosynthetic characteristics and yield,and using the TOPSIS entropy weighting method for comprehensive benefit evaluation,it is recommended that the lower limit of irrigation at both bud stage and bolling stage be set at 70%~75%field capacity,at which time the irrigation quota for the whole life cycle was reduced by 26.32%compared with that of CK,and the yield was 6946.65 kg/hm^(2),which was increased by 26.46%compared with that of the CK treatment,which realized the cotton irrigation quota's substantial reduction and significant increase in yield(P<0.05).

关 键 词：棉花 水分调控 光合特性 土壤重量含水率 产量 TOPSIS熵权法 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]