“商会灭国”与“商战”:晚清知识分子国家想象中的商业神话  

"The Corporation Could Destory Nations"and"Commercial War":The Commercial Myth in the State Imagination of Intellectuals in Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：朵悦 Duo Yue(Peking University Law School)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2024年第6期82-97,共16页Open Times

摘　　要：晚清知识分子认为商业发展与国家存亡之间存在紧密的关联。本文认为,这种关联背后重要的思想和现实语境是殖民列强的“公司-国家”在亚非的帝国主义策略。回顾西欧现代公司组织发展的历史,可以发现近代早期殖民史上以东印度公司为代表的“公司-国家”在18、19世纪中西接触的过程中扮演的核心角色。在世纪之交,晚清士人总结出列强“商会灭国”的模式,进而考虑在变化的时势中革新传统的商业伦理,在世界大势中进行“商战”,与列强争夺利权。他们认为只要遵循国际公法、推行商业律令、组建商会组织、训练商业公民,就能够建成商业国家。“商业”以律法和组织为名构成了一种关于富强的意识形态,融入和抵抗帝国主义全球体系的命题同时出现。Late Qing intellectuals believed that there was a strong correlation between commercial development and the survival of the state.This paper argues that the important ideological and realistic context behind this correlation is the imperialist"company-state"tactics of the colonial powers in Asia and Africa.Looking back at the historical development of modern corporate organizations in Western Europe,we can find that the"company-state"model developed by the East India Company in early modern colonial history played a central role in the process of Sino-Western contact in the 18th and 19th centuries.At the turn of the century,the scholars of the late Qing Dynasty summed up the colonial model as"the corporation could destory nations",and further considered reforming Chinese traditional business ethics in the changing times to engage in"commercial wars”with the world powers.The late Qing scholars believed that as long as they followed international public laws,enforced commercial laws,formed chambers of commerce,and trained business citizens,they would be able to build a"commercial state"."Commerce",in the name of law and organization,constituted an ideology of prosperity and strength in which a dualism of integration into and fight against the imperialist global system emerges.

关 键 词：商战 公司 国家 帝国主义 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] F279.29[历史地理—中国史]