互助作为社会干预——中国乡村老人精神健康促进的探索  

Mutual Aid as Social Intervention:An Exploration of Mental Health Promotion among the Elderly in Rural China

作　　者：方静文 Fang Jingwen(Institute of Ethnologyand Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所

出　　处：《开放时代》2024年第6期193-207,共15页Open Times

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“产痛和癌痛的社会性与文化意义研究”(项目编号:19CSH055)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国乡村老年人的自杀现象让学界开始关注老年人的精神健康。笔者参与的一个“守门人”项目通过运用一套针对老人情绪问题的社会干预模式,不仅达到了预期效果,还收获了意外之喜:原本“关起门来过日子”的老人陆续走出家门,与同伴互动,进而互助,“守门人”则意识到“关爱今天的老人,就是关爱明天的自己”,由此形成接力式互助。在乡村邻里关系日渐疏离的当下,这些活跃于中国乡村的“守门人”和热心老人共同推动着当地的互助实践,为改善乡村老人的精神健康提供了新的可能途径,同时也是积极老龄化的有益尝试。The alarming high rate of suicide among the elderly in rural China has drawn academic attention to the mental health of these people.A gatekeeper program that the author participated in has developed a social intervention model for the emotion problems of the elderly,which has not only achieved the expected effect,but also led to unexpected pleasant outcome:the old people who used to"live behind closed doors"are now stepping out of the house,interacting with their peers,and gradually beginning to help each other.The gatekeepers also realize that"caring for the elderly today is caring for our future selves",and has hence created a relay of mutual aid.These gatekeepers and the committed old people have jointly revitalized the long-standing but now declining tradition of neighborhood mutual assistance in rural China.Their efforts represent not only a new possible way to improve the mental health of the rural elderly,but also a beneficial attempt to proactively cope with the aging society.

关 键 词：乡村老人 精神健康 社会干预 守门人 互助 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学] R161.7[政治法律—中外政治制度]