日本技术攻关“举国体制”研究——以半导体技术攻关为例  

A Study on the"Nationwide System"of Japan:Taking the Semiconductor Technology as an Example

作　　者：李慧敏 穆荣平 LI Huimin;MU Rongping(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2024年第11期32-45,共14页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：中国科学院学部重大咨询项目(E1X17516,E1J1991603);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(E0X0151601)。

摘　　要：日本政府采用的“整合推进体制”“有机开发体制”“产学官合作”等研发体制,本质是一种技术攻关“举国体制”模式。对于日本技术攻关“举国体制”实施理念、运行逻辑和基本特征等,我国学界尚缺乏深入系统研究。基于日本技术攻关“举国体制”术语溯源和历史演进研究。构建了日本技术攻关举国体制“官产协调关系、产业协同关系、产学合作关系”三维分析框架,通过日本半导体技术攻关案例研究发现:在官产协调关系方面,政府统筹国家战略与产业技术协同攻关的作用举足轻重;在产业协同关系方面,构建龙头企业主导的产业融通创新生态作用至关重要;在产学合作关系方面,国立科研机构和大学的基础性支撑性作用突出。最后结合我国发展实际需求,提出政策启示:强化技术攻关模式与国家战略目标的匹配,动态调整技术攻关战略领域方向,提升统筹部署层级,分类提出支持方式和支持力度;统筹政府与市场关系,强化跨部门国家战略科技力量协同攻关,强化旨在提升企业技术创新能力和市场竞争力的“产业技术政策”的作用;综合考虑产业技术特性、技术路线确定性等诸多因素,选择适配的组织模式和实施方式;客观认识日本“举国体制”成功原因,注重基础研究和前沿引领技术创新布局和厚积薄发。The R&D system adopted by the Japanese government,such as"integrated promotion system","organic development system",and"industry-university-government cooperation",is essentially a"Nationwide System"model for technological research.There is still a lack of in-depth and systematic research on the implementation concept,operation logic and basic characteristics of Japan's"Nationwide System".Based on the research on the traceability and historical evolution of the term"Nationwide System"in Japan,this research summarizes its basic characteristics:Matching of technical research models with national strategic goals;Dynamically adjusting the direction of technical research fields;Improving the overall deployment level of the"Nationwide System"for technical research.The analysis framework of the"Nationwide System"of Japan was constructed,and the Japanese semiconductor technology research was selected as a research case,and the specific analysis was carried out from the three dimensions of"government-industry coordination relationship,industrial coordination relationship,and industry-university cooperative relationship".Finally,combined with the actual needs of China's development,this research puts forward policy enlightenment for China to improve the"new Nationwide System"for scientific and technological research,including strengthening the matching of technical research models with national strategic goals,dynamically adjusting the direction of strategic areas of technical research,improving the level of overall deployment,and classifying support methods and support intensity;coordinating the relationship between the government and the market,strengthening the coordination of cross-departmental national strategic scientific and technological forces,and strengthening the role of"industrial technology policy"aimed at enhancing enterprises'technological innovation capabilities and market competitiveness;comprehensively considering many factors such as industrial technical characteristics and technical route certainty,and

关 键 词：半导体技术 举国体制 有机开发体制 整合推进体制 产学官合作 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学] G323