美国技术民族主义的结构转型与美对华技术遏制  

The Structural Transformation of America's Techno-Nationalism and Its Technological Containment of China

作　　者：潘亚玲 肖迅韬[1] PAN Yaling;XIAO Xuntao

机构地区：[1]云南大学国际关系研究院,昆明650091 [2]复旦大学美国研究中心

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2024年第6期24-47,I0002,共25页Foreign Affairs Review

摘　　要：美国当前正大力推行技术民族主义,对中国实施技术遏制。美国技术民族主义的实质是以“假想敌”为基础推动科技竞争,追求科技自强并非其战略优先。单元层次的国家技术地位提升与体系层次的技术生命周期发展相结合,塑造了美国技术民族主义的三次历史性结构转型,为美国当代技术民族主义的发展奠定了认知框架和实践基础。面对中美权力转移和技术革命前景不明的双重压力,美国以中国为“假想敌”重启创新阻遏型技术民族主义,并采取系统性的技术遏制手段,主要体现为阻断创新扩散路径、支持战略性产业和管理关键领域供应链等要素的协同配合。既有国家技术地位上升的历史经验使美国更加担忧自身丧失技术引领地位的可能,美国对华技术遏制未来将继续朝着系统性、极端性和冒险性的方向发展。中国应当以科技自强战略积极回应美国技术遏制,反对“脱钩断链”和“小院高墙”,支持开放包容的技术全球主义,努力推动构建人类命运共同体。The United States is now vigorously pursuing techno-nationalism and technological containment of China.The essence of U.S.techno-nationalism is to push for scientific and technological competition based on“imaginary enemies”,and technological self-reliance is not its strategic priority.The elevation of national technological status at the unitary level and the development of technology life cycle at the systemic level have jointly shaped the three historical structural transformations of U.S.techno-nationalism,laying the cognitive framework and practical foundation for the development of contemporary U.S.techno-nationalism.Faced with the dual pressures of power transfer between China and the U.S.and the uncertain prospects of technological revolution,the U.S.has relaunched innovation-blocking techno-nationalism with China as its“imaginary enemy”and adopted systematic technological containment measures,mainly reflected in the synergy of blocking the path of innovation diffusion,supporting strategic industries and managing supply chains in critical fields.The historical experience of the rise of some countries'technological status has made the U.S.more worried about the possibility of losing its technological leadership.The U.S.technological containment of China will continue to develop in a systematic,radical and risky direction in the future.China should proactively counteract the U.S.technological containment with a technological self-reliance strategy,oppose“decoupling and disrupting supply chains”and the building“small yard and high fences”,support open and inclusive technological globalism,and strive to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

关 键 词：中美关系 战略竞争 技术民族主义 技术生命周期 国家技术地位 技术遏制 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]