威信县猕猴桃果园土壤养分状况分析  

Analysis of Soil Nutrient Status in Kiwifruit Orchards in Weixin County

作　　者：唐玉凤 蔡荣靖 王顺富 田虹 张小龙 王世敏 杨蕊璐 蒙元燕 全勇 TANG Yufengg;AI Ronging;WANG Shunfu;IAN Hong;ZHANG Xiaolong;WANG Shimin;LI Huilong;MENG Yuanyan;QUAN Yong(College of Agronomy and Life Sciences,Zhaotong University,Zhaotong 657000,China;Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Green Planting and Processing of Gastrodia Elata,Zhaotong 657000,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia Elata and Fungus Symbiotic Biology,Zhaotong 657000,China;Apple Industry Development Center of Zhaotong,Zhaotong 657000,China)

机构地区：[1]昭通学院农学与生命科学学院,云南昭通657000 [2]云南省天麻绿色种植与加工工程研究中心,云南昭通657000 [3]云南省天麻与真菌共生生物学重点实验室,云南昭通657000 [4]昭通市苹果产业发展中心,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《昭通学院学报》2024年第5期12-19,共8页Journal of Zhaotong University

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022J0983);云南省全勇专家基层科研工作站(2023)。

摘　　要：猕猴桃产业是威信县重要的产业,掌握威信县猕猴桃果园土壤中的各养分情况,对于制定合理的施肥方案,有效提升猕猴桃的产量和质量具有重要意义。本研究以威信县5个具有代表性的果园为研究对象,对果园土壤的pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量进行检测分析。结果表明,5个果园的pH值范围为7.36~7.83,为中性和弱碱性;土壤有机质含量范围为60.5~66.3 g/kg,属极丰富一级水平;全氮含量范围为2.92~3.12 g/kg,属极丰富一级水平;碱解氮含量范围为78.40~187.60 mg/kg,属极丰富一级水平;速效磷含量范围为21.28~37.80 mg/kg,属二级高水平;速效钾含量范围为414.00~512.00 mg/kg,属极丰富一级水平。土壤有机质、全氮分布较为一致,受外来因素影响较小,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾因施肥习惯和用量不同差异性较大。威信县猕猴桃果园土壤养分整体充足,在今后的管理中应适当降低土壤pH值,增施有机肥和磷肥,氮肥和钾肥维持其用量。Kiwifruit industry is an important industry in Weixin County,and it is important to grasp the situation of each nutrient in the soil of kiwifruit orchards in Weixin County for the development of a reasonable fertilization program to effectively improve the yield and quality of kiwifruit.In this study,five representative orchards in Weixin County were used as research objects to test and analyze the pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,alkaline dissolved nitrogen,quick-acting phosphorus and quickacting potassium contents of orchard soils.The results showed that the pH value of the five orchards ranged from 7.36 to 7.83,which was neutral and weakly alkaline;the organic matter content of the soils ranged from 60.5 to 66.3 g/kg,which was at the extremely rich level;the total nitrogen content ranged from 2.92 to 3.12 g/kg,which was at the extremely rich level;the alkaline nitrogen content ranged from 78.40 to 187.60 mg/kg,which was at the extremely rich level;the quick-acting phosphorus content ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 g/kg,which was at the extremely rich level;and the quick-acting phosphorus content ranged from 0.5 to 0.5 g/kg.The alkaline dissolved nitrogen content ranges from 78.40 to 187.60 mg/kg,which is the extremely abundant level;the quick-acting phosphorus content ranges from 21.28 to 37.80 mg/kg,which is the high level of the second grade;and the quickacting potassium content ranges from 414.00 to 512.00 mg/kg,which is the extremely abundant level.The distribution of soil organic matter and total nitrogen was more consistent and less affected by external factors,while alkaline dissolved nitrogen,quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium were more different due to different fertilization habits and dosages.The soil nutrients of kiwifruit orchards in Weixin County were sufficient overall,and in future management,soil pH should be appropriately lowered,organic fertilizers and phosphorus fertilizers should be increased,and nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers should be maintained in their dosages.

关 键 词：威信县 猕猴桃果园 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]