互动与融合——西夏多语种《尊胜经》的文本借鉴和继承  

Interaction and Integration:Textual Borrowing and Inheritance of the Multilingual Usnisa vijaya dharani sutra in Tangut Xia State

作　　者：王荣飞 WANG Rong-fei(Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院中文系

出　　处：《中华民族共同体研究》2024年第4期43-56,M0004,M0005,共16页Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies

摘　　要：现存西夏文献中,有一同时具有西夏文、汉文、藏文三种文字文本,且同题为《胜相顶尊总持功能依经录》的陀罗尼经,它正是密宗佛教著名经典《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经》(即《尊胜经》)的西夏传本。经多语种文本对勘表明,西夏传本《尊胜经》虽然直接源自传法上师拶也阿难捺,但其藏文本同译出年代更早的益西德藏译本和法军、巴日藏译本有着明显的互文性,说明西夏所传藏文《尊胜经》其实是依据多种旧有藏译本“汇编”而成。同时,西夏文和汉文二本虽由不同译师分别译出,但有文本证据显示,他们在翻译时曾有明显的交流和借鉴。此外,唐代数种汉译《尊胜经》不仅对西夏新译汉文本产生了影响,甚至还影响到西夏文本的译法。西夏新译西夏文、汉文《尊胜经》实为汉、藏二传佛教之名相、译语,乃至理念的巧妙融合,它们也因此呈现出了汉藏圆融、无二无别的特色。The multilingual Us nisa dharani sutra,translated from Tibetan,was highly esteemed in the Tangut Xia State.Multilingual textual research reveals that the Tibetan text transmitted in Tangut Xia originated from the tradition of Jayananda.However,it also shows clear intertextuality with the Tibetan translations of Ye shes sde,Chos kyi sde,and Ba ri,suggesting that it is a compilation based on earlier Tibetan translations.Moreover,despite different translators working on the Tangut and Chinese texts,there was likely mutual reference and exchange during the translation process.Additionally,the various Chinese versions of the Us nisa dharani sutra translated during the Tang Dynasty not only influenced the new Chinese versions but also impacted the Tangut version.The new translations of the Tangut and Chinese Usnisa dharani sitra effectively merge names,translations,and concepts from both Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism,highlighting the integration features of both traditions without discrepancies.

关 键 词：西夏 佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经 互文性 拶也阿难捺 汉藏佛教 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学] B948[哲学宗教—宗教学]