高速精密机床主轴轴承振动特性分析  

Vibration Characteristics Analysis of Spindle Bearings for High-Speed Precision Machine Tools

作　　者：李兰兰 崔永存[1,2] 周勇勇 楚孟良 LI Lanlan;CUI Yongcun;ZHOU Yongyong;CHU Mengliang(School of Mechatronics Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang Henan 471003,China;Changzhou Guangyang Bearing Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou Jiangsu 213000,China;Zhejiang Testing&Inspection Institute for Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310051,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学机电工程学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]常州光洋轴承股份有限公司,江苏常州213000 [3]浙江省机电产品质量检测所有限公司,浙江杭州310051

出　　处：《机床与液压》2024年第22期60-66,共7页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C01095)。

摘　　要：主轴轴承作为高速精密机床主轴的核心支承部件,其振动性能对整个机床的加工精度、效率至关重要。然而,因高速工况下轴承设计不足,难以有效解决因振动引起的加工精度下降及设备寿命缩短等问题。以某特定型号的角接触球轴承为研究对象,建立滚动轴承动力学分析模型,开展轴承结构参数和工况条件对高速精密机床主轴轴承的振动特性研究,并设计搭建试验台,进行轴承的振动试验验证。结果表明:增大内圈沟曲率半径系数会增大振动加速度级,增大外圈沟曲率半径系数会使其减小;外圈沟曲率半径系数对轴承振动加速度级变化的影响更显著;通过设定合理的径向载荷、轴向载荷及内圈转速范围,可降低角接触球轴承的振动加速度值;试验结果表明轴承加速度级的理论分析与试验值之间的误差为8.33%,验证了仿真模型的精确性。As the core supporting part of the spindle of high-speed precision machine tools,the vibration performance of the spindle bearing is very important to the machining accuracy and efficiency of the whole machine tool.However,due to insufficient design of the bearing at high speeds,it is difficult to effectively solve the problems of decreased processing accuracy and shortened equipment life caused by vibration.Taking a specific model of angular contact ball bearing as the research object,a rolling bearing dynamics analysis model was established,and the study on the vibration characteristics of the spindle bearing for high-speed precision machine tools was conducted based on the model.An experimental platform was designed and built to carry out vibration test verification of bearings.The results show that increasing the curvature radius coefficient of the inner ring will increase the vibration acceleration level,and increasing the curvature radius coefficient of the outer ring will decrease the vibration acceleration level.The influence of curvature radius coefficient of outer ring groove on vibration acceleration level is more significant.By setting the appropriate radial load,axial load,and the inner ring speed range,the vibration acceleration level during the driving of the angular contact ball bearing can be reduced.According to the experimental results,the theoretical analysis of the axial reception acceleration level and the experimental value error is 8.33%,and the accuracy of the simulation model was verified.

关 键 词：高速精密机床 角接触球轴承 动力学仿真 振动特性 

分 类 号：TH133.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]