五轴线性加工刀触点轨迹误差综合补偿与修复  

Comprehensive Compensation and Repair of Trajectory Error of Five-Axis Linear Machining Tool Contact Point

作　　者：陈良骥 黄强[1] 李慧莹 王鹏程 徐浩浩 高寒松 CHEN Liangji;HUANG Qiang;LI Huiying;WANG Pengcheng;XU Haohao;GAO Hansong(Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology(Guilin University of Technology),Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guilin Guangxi 541006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西高校先进制造与自动化技术重点实验室(桂林理工大学),广西桂林541006

出　　处：《机床与液压》2024年第22期91-97,共7页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCSW2024380)。

摘　　要：在五轴线性插补过程中,平动轴和旋转轴的联动会使刀触点产生非线性误差,同时采用微小直线拟合工件轮廓时会存在轮廓误差。为了降低综合非线性误差(非线性误差和轮廓误差),提出一种刀触点轨迹误差补偿与修复方法。以选定的2段加工数据作为加工的起点和终点,求出插补过程中的理想刀心点和实际刀触点,通过计算得到实际刀触点到理想刀触点轨迹线段的距离和垂直单位矢量,利用起始/终止刀轴矢量和理想刀触点轨迹矢量计算得到轮廓误差的补偿方向,通过弓高误差计算近似轮廓误差,对刀心点进行综合修复,从而实现对轨迹误差的修复和补偿。应用MATLAB仿真可得:补偿修复后的轮廓误差降低了74%,刀触点轨迹非线性误差降低到了1.8μm以下;实际加工时,补偿和纠正后的最大表面粗糙度为1.240μm,相比补偿和纠正前(6.667μm)的降幅为81.4%,验证了所提方法的有效性。During the five-axis linear interpolation process,the coupling of translational and rotational axes can cause non-linear errors in the tool contact point;at the same time,there are contour errors when fitting the workpiece contour with small lines.In order to reduce the comprehensive non-linear error(non-linear error and contour error),a method was proposed for compensating and repairing tool contact point trajectory errors.Based on the selected two processing data segments as the starting point and end point of the processing,the ideal tool center point and actual tool contact point during the interpolation process were calculated.By calculating the distance and vertical unit vector between the actual tool contact point and the ideal tool contact point trajectory line segment,the compensation direction of the contour error was calculated using the start/end tool axis vector and the ideal tool contact point trajectory vector.The approximate contour error was calculated using the bow height error,and the tool center point was comprehensively repaired to achieve repair and compensation of trajectory errors.The application of MATLAB simulation calculation shows that after compensation and repair,the contour error is reduced by 74%and the nonlinear error of the tool contact point trajectory is reduced to less than 1.8μm;in actual processing,the maximum surface roughness measured after compensation and repair is 1.240μm,compared with before compensation and repair(6.667μm),the reduction is 81.4%,which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关 键 词：五轴线性插补 轮廓误差 非线性误差 补偿与修复 

分 类 号：TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]