俄罗斯对外情报工作分析  

Analysis of Russia's Foreign Intelligence Work

作　　者：张建[1] 郭晓婷 Zhang Jian;Guo Xiaoting(Department of Diplomacy and Foreign Affairs Management,China Foreign Affairs University,Beijing 100037;Institute of Northeast Asian Silk Road Civilisation,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004;School of Foreign Studies,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004)

机构地区：[1]外交学院外交学与外事管理系,北京100037 [2]燕山大学东北亚丝路文明研究院,秦皇岛066004 [3]燕山大学外国语学院,秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《情报杂志》2024年第12期17-24,56,共9页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“后疫情时代的中俄关系及国际格局演变趋向”(编号:21ZGC006)研究成果。

摘　　要：[研究目的]在严峻国际形势背景下当代俄罗斯对外情报工作的脉络逐渐清晰,公开了诸多新材料,呈现出新特点。对其进行梳理和研究可以为理解对外情报工作在服务国家战略中的作用提供新的借鉴。[研究方法]通过研究档案、法律和政策文件等一手资料,从战略定位、工作机制、主要工作方向和基本特点四个方面剖析俄罗斯对外情报工作,展现当代俄罗斯对外情报工作的基本面貌和发展趋势。[研究结论]俄罗斯对外情报工作战略定位和目标指向已转型为专注于维护其在国际空间的具体国家利益,具有协助预判国际形势和保障应对安全威胁的属性,为军事行动和外交决策提供信息支撑,并为执行国家安全政策和发展社会经济创造条件,重视“情报外交”、舆论慑止、科技因素和个人因素,呈现灵活务实、攻防结合、公开与隐秘渠道并重、增强历史叙事和认知域主动作战等特点,是公开外交渠道的有效补充,成为“混合战”中的强力武器。[Research purpose]Against the backdrop of a severe international situation,the structure of Russia's foreign intelligence work has become clearer.Many new materials have been released,presenting new characteristics.Studying them can provide new references for understanding the role of foreign intelligence work in serving the national strategy.[Research method]By studying the first-hand materials such as archives,laws and policy documents,it analyzes Russia's foreign intelligence work from four aspects:strategic positioning,working mechanism,work direction,and basic characteristics,and presents the basic appearance and development trend of contemporary Russia's foreign intelligence work.[Research conclusion]The strategic positioning and target orientation of Russia's foreign intelligence work have transformed to focusing on maintaining specific national interests in the international space,with the attribute of assisting in predicting the international situation and ensuring the response to security threats,providing information support for military actions and diplomatic decisions,creating conditions for the implementation of national security measures and the development of social economy.It attaches importance to"intelligence diplomacy",public opinion deterrence,technological and scientific factors and individual factors,presenting characteristics such as flexibility and pragmatism,combination of offense and defense,equal emphasis on open and covert channels,enhancing historical narrative and cognitive domain active combat,and becoming an effective complement to official diplomatic channels and a powerful weapon in hybrid warfare.

关 键 词：对外情报工作 国际合作 国家安全 情报外交 俄罗斯 俄罗斯对外情报局 

分 类 号：G209[文化科学—传播学]