增效剂对杀菌剂小麦田间防效和小麦籽粒农药残留量的影响  

Effect of Synergists on Control Effaciy of Fungicides in Wheat Field and Pesticide Residues in Wheat Grains

作　　者：王银霞 程海芝 WANG Yinxia;CHENG Haizhi(Puyang County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Puyang,Henan 457100,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省濮阳县农业农村局,河南濮阳457100

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2024年第11期26-32,共7页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“农业农村部十四五”国家科研支撑计划重点课题;“农业农村发展改革探讨与研究”总课题组子课题;“农业种植工作中现代农业机械化的应用研究”(NCNYB005379)。

摘　　要：目的:选出对小麦赤霉病田间防效最佳的增效剂。方法:2022年,以有机硅和减维康作为增效剂,以氰烯菌酯和叶菌唑作为杀菌剂,用液相色谱仪法测定小麦叶片上的杀菌剂的沉积量,筛选出不同浓度杀菌剂对应最佳增效剂添加量,找出对田间小麦赤霉病最有防治效果的增效剂种类,同时在小麦收获后,测定小麦籽粒的农药残留量,筛选出效果最优的增效剂。结果:(1)在40%常量、80%常量、常量氰烯菌酯分别加入0.5 mL/L、0.9 mL/L、0.5 mL/L有机硅对叶片的沉积量最有利。在40%常量和常量氰烯菌酯中添加0.5 mL的减维康,小麦叶片的氰烯菌酯沉积量会显著提高,在80%常量氰烯菌酯中添加0.75 mL/L的减维康对药液的沉积最为有利。(2)对小麦赤霉病的田间防效最好的杀菌剂是氰烯菌酯,有机硅和减维康都能让杀菌剂的田间防治效果变大,达到减少农药的使用量的效果,有机硅的增效效果优于减维康,在80%常量氰烯菌酯加入0.90mL/L的有机硅,小麦赤霉病田间防效最高。(3)使用增效剂后叶菌唑和氰烯菌酯的残留量都小于国家规定的最大残留量。The objective of this study was to identify to identify the best synergist for field control of wheat scab.In 2022,the organosilicon and Jianweikang were used as the synergist,while phenamacril and metconazole were used as fungicide.The amount of fungicide deposited on wheat leaves was measured using liquid chromatography.The optimal dosage of synergist corresponding to different concentrations of fungicides was determined and the variety of synergist with best control effect on the wheat scab was identified.Furthermore,the pesticide residues in wheat grains were measured after harvest to determine the best synergist.The results showed that for the 40%,80%and 100%concentrations of phenamacril,the addition of 0.5 mL/L,0.9 mL/L and 0.5 mL/L of organosilicon,respectively,resulted in the highest deposition on wheat leaves.When 0.5 mL of Jianweikang was added to the 40%and 100%concentrations of phenamacril,the deposition of phenamacril on wheat leaves increased significantly.Adding 0.75mL/L of Jianweikang at the 80%concentration of phenamacril was most favorable for solution deposition.The best fungicide for field control of wheat scab was phenamacril.Moreover,both organosilicon and Jianweikang improved the field control effect of fungicide,achieving the effect of reducing the use of pesticides.With regard to the synergistic effect,organosilicon was better than Jianweikang.The addition of 0.90 mL/L of organosilicon to the 80%concentration of phenamacril achieved the highest field control efficacy against wheat scab.By using the synergist,the residues of metconazole and phenamacril were lower than the maximum residue limits stipulated by national regulations.

关 键 词：有机硅 减维康 叶菌唑 氰烯菌酯 

分 类 号：S481[农业科学—农药学]