俄罗斯关于“黑海粮食外运协议”的国际粮食贸易博弈  

Russia’s International Grain Trade Game on Black Sea Grain Initiative

作　　者：许文鸿[1] XU Wenhong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所,北京100007

出　　处：《东北亚学刊》2024年第6期106-121,149,共17页Journal of Northeast Asia Studies

摘　　要：乌克兰危机升级后,为了保障乌克兰和俄罗斯粮食、化肥的稳定供应,在联合国和土耳其的斡旋下,俄乌签署了“黑海粮食外运协议”,经过三次延期后,俄罗斯宣布中止执行该协议。该协议涉及俄、乌对全球粮食供应以及黑海航道安全保障和俄化肥外运问题。围绕黑海粮食外运,俄罗斯与美西方各国展开了激烈的博弈。美欧指责俄罗斯中止执行该协议,俄罗斯则对重返该协议提出了具体条件。无论是乌克兰坚持的“和平公式”,还是乌克兰危机瑞士和平峰会公报都聚焦粮食安全问题,黑海粮食外运协议仍是绕不过去的议题。各方在粮食领域的博弈为谋求粮食安全提供了若干启示。Grain is the basic material condition for human survival.Russia and Ukraine are important food-exporting countries in the world.After the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis,the security of the Black Sea ports affected the food exports of Russia and Ukraine,which in turn aggravated the global food crisis and affected the food supply of many countries in the world to a certain extent.Order to ensure a stable supply of food from Russia and Ukraine,the Black Sea Grain Initiative was signed as a package under the good offices of the United Nations and Turkey.The cooperation model of the initiative was once a key turning point in the Russia-Ukraine conflict.After three extensions of the Initiative,Russia announced in July 2023 that it was suspending the Initiative,causing a great concern in the international community.The initiative addresses Ukraine and Russia’s contributions to the global food suply,as well as the security of the Black Sea waterway and the exportation of Russian fertilizer.Around the Black Sea grain export,Russia and the U.S.and Western countries have launched a fierce game.When the U.S.and European countries criticized and accused Russia of suspending the initiative,Russia reintroduced specific conditions for its return to the Black Sea Food Initiative.Whether it is the“peace formula”insisted by Ukraine or the Swiss summit communique on the Ukraine crisis focusing on food security issues,Black Sea Grain Initiative is still significant.

关 键 词：黑海粮食外运协议 粮食安全 乌克兰危机 俄美关系 俄欧关系 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系] F316.11[政治法律—政治学]