柠檬酸从拜耳法赤泥中选择性浸出钪、钇研究  

Selective Leaching of Scandium and Yttrium from Bayer Red Mud by Citric Acid

作　　者：单馨可 黄魁 卢远桓 丁艳 董海丽 陈章庆 Shan Xinke;Huang Kui;Lu Yuanhuan;Ding Yan;Dong Haili;Chen Zhangqing(School of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Guangxi Universities,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学资源环境与材料学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西高校环境保护重点实验室,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2024年第6期1146-1156,I0003,共12页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21767003);广西大学广西有色金属及特色材料加工重点实验室开放基金(GXKFJ12-16,GXKFJ16-03)资助。

摘　　要：以柠檬酸作为浸出剂,探究不同柠檬酸浓度、浸出时间、液固比和浸出温度对赤泥中钪、钇和铁的浸出率影响,通过正交试验对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:在柠檬酸浓度0.8 mol·L^(-1),浸出时间45 min,液固比12:1 mL/g,温度80℃的条件下选择性浸出效果最佳,温度对浸出效果影响显著,钪、钇和铁浸出率分别为88.79%,91.93%和5.42%。XRD,SEM-EDS分析结果表明,柠檬酸对赤泥中不同的矿物有着不同的分解能力,对赤铁矿的溶解能力差,对钪、钇与铁的浸出具有良好的选择性。钪浸出过程符合多相液-固反应模型,钇浸出符合缩核反应模型,表观活化能分别为43.68和52.51 kJ·mol^(-1),两者反应过程均受化学反应控制。Citric acid was used as leaching agent,the effects of different citric acid concentrations,leaching times,liquid to solid ratios and leaching temperatures on the leaching rates of scandium,yttrium and iron from red mudwere investigated,and the process parameters were optimised by orthogonal tests.The results show that the selective leaching effect of scandium and yttrium is the best under the conditions of citric acid concentration of 0.8 mol·L-1,leaching time of 45 min,liquid-solid ratio of 12∶1 mL/g,and temperature of 80℃.The temperature has a significant impact on the leaching effect,and the leaching rates of scandium,yttrium,and iron are 88.79%,91.93%,and 5.42%,respectively.The XRD and SEM-EDS analysis results indicate that citric acid has different decomposition abilities for different minerals in the red mud and poor solubility for hematite,which makes it have good selectivity for leaching scandium and yttrium with iron.The process of scandium leaching conforms to the multiphase liquid-solid reaction model,and yttrium leaching conforms to the shrinking-core reaction model.The apparent activation energies of scandium leaching are 43.68 and 52.51 kJ·mol-1,respectively,and the reaction processes of both are controlled by chemical reactions.

关 键 词：赤泥 柠檬酸 稀土元素 酸浸 选择性 

分 类 号：TF845[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]