硫酸低温液相分解独居石行为过程研究  

Behavior of Decomposition of Monazite by Sulfuric Acid in Low Temperature Liquid Phase

作　　者：张鹏飞 瞿业栋 崔建国[1] 徐萌 刘宝友 李家宇 王哲[1] 侯睿恩 Zhang Pengfei;Qu Yedong;Cui Jianguo;Xu Meng;Liu Baoyou;Li Jiayu;Wang Zhe;Hou Ruien(National Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization,Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths,Baotou 014030,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;China Northern Rare Earth(Group)High-tech Co.,Ltd,Baotou 014010,China)

机构地区：[1]白云鄂博稀土资源研究与综合利用全国重点实验室,包头稀土研究院,内蒙古包头014030 [2]内蒙古大学化学化工学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]中国北方稀土(集团)公司,内蒙古包头014010

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2024年第6期1157-1168,I0003,共13页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2905304);内蒙古科技兴蒙合作项目(2022YFXM0001)资助。

摘　　要：采用混合稀土精矿为原料,研究了硫酸低温液相分解独居石的行为过程。主要探究了H_(2)SO_(4)浓度、反应温度、反应时间、反应液固比和浸出时间等因素对独居石分解率的影响,阐明了反应过程中的物相变化,分析了动力学过程。最佳的反应条件:H_(2)SO_(4)浓度为98%,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为120 min,反应液固比为3:1(mL/g),浸出时间为80 min,该条件下,P2O5浸出率为99.84%,F浸出率为76.38%,REO浸出率为72.46%。通过分析,混合稀土精矿中的独居石基本被完全分解,水浸渣中的主要物相组分为氟碳铈矿。P元素的转化过程符合外扩散控制模型,其反应动力学模型为:Kt=1-3(1-X)^(2/3)+2(1-X),表观活化能为74.71 kJ·mol^(-1)。In this study,the mixed rare earth concentrate was used as raw material to study the decomposition process of monazite by sulfuric acid in low temperature liquid phase.The effects of sulfuric acid concentration,reaction temperature,reaction time,reaction liquid-solid ratio and leaching time on the decomposition rate of monazite were explored,the changes of the phases during the reaction were explained and the kinetic processes were analyzed.The optimal reaction conditions are sulfuric acid concentration 98%,reaction temperature 130℃,reaction time 120 min,reaction liquid-solid ratio 3∶1(mL/g)and leaching time 80 min.Under these conditions,the leaching rate of P2 O5 is 99.84%,the leaching rate of F is 76.38%and the leaching rate of REO is 72.46%,respectively.The analysis shows that the monazite in the mixed rare earth concentrate is basically completely decomposed and the main material phase component in the water leaching residue is bastnaesite.The conversion process of element P was in accordance with the external diffusion control model with the reaction kinetics model as Kt=1-3(1-x)^(2/3)+2(1+x),the apparent activation energy is 74.71 kJ·mol^(-).

关 键 词：独居石 硫酸 低温液相 浸出率 动力学 稀土 

分 类 号：TF845[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]