乌兰布和沙漠土壤粒径与植物群落多样性特征分析  

Characteristics of Soil Particle Size and Plant Community Diversity in Ulan Buh Desert

作　　者：马媛 辛智鸣[1,2] 蔺方春 罗凤敏 许亚欣[1] 杨杰 李星 Ma Yuan;Xin Zhiming;Lin Fangchun;Luo Fengmin;Xu Yaxin;Yang Jie;Li Xing(Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou 015200,China;Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Observation Research Station,Dengkou 015200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古磴口015200 [2]内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2024年第11期98-105,共8页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2021MA01202);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0121800)。

摘　　要：目的:本研究旨在探讨土壤粒径与群落多样性对土壤肥力及结构稳固性的影响。方法:选取乌兰布和沙漠10种典型植被群落为研究对象,分析0~100 cm土层土壤粒径与分形维数,解析土壤粒径与植物群落多样性特征的关系。结果:研究区植物种类以禾本科、豆科为主,共51种;土壤粒径与分形维数间存在显著差异,分形维数与粘粉砂粒径百分量呈极显著正相关(R^(2)=0.9026,P<0.01),表明其作为土壤性质评估指标的有效性。柽柳群落(2.822±0.028)土壤分形维数最高,盐爪爪群落(2.748±0.032)最低,反映了不同植物对土壤颗粒的吸附和固定能力不同;群落多样性方面,Simpson多样性指数显示梭梭群落多样性最高,柽柳群落最低,且与土壤环境密切相关。进一步反映出,群落多样性变化受空间分布、植被组成及数量变化影响,这些因素共同作用于土壤粒径与分形维数。因此,沙漠植物群落多样性与土壤粒径之间存在复杂互动。结论:乌兰布和沙漠植物种类单一,多样性指数低。分形维数与土壤粒径紧密相关,是表征土壤质地及改良潜力的有效指标。对于该地区的生态恢复与土壤管理,需综合考虑植物多样性与土壤特性的关系,制定科学策略,以促进生态系统健康与可持续发展。Objective:This study aimed to investigate the effects of soil particle size and community diversity on soil fertility and structural stability.Methods:10 typical vegetation communities in the Ulan Buh Desert were selected as the research objects.The soil particle size and fractal dimension in the 0~100 cm soil layer were analyzed to elucidate the relationship between soil particle size and plant community diversity characteristics.Results:The plant species in the study area were mainly grasses and legumes,with a total of 51 species.Significant differences were found in soil particle size and fractal dimension.The fractal dimension was significantly positively correlated with the percentage of clay sand (R^(2)=0.9026,P<0.01),indicating its effectiveness as an evaluation indicator of soil properties.The fractal dimension of the Tamarix chinensis community(2.822±0.028)was the highest,while that of the Kalidium foliatum community(2.748±0.032)was the lowest,indicating different plants'abilities to adsorb and fix soil particles.In terms of community diversity,the Simpson's diversity index showed that the diversity of the Haloxylon ammodendron community was the highest,while that of the Tamarix chinensis community was the lowest,closely related to the soil environment.This further indicated that changes in community diversity were affected by spatial distribution,vegetation composition,and quantity changes,and these factors jointly acted on soil particle size and fractal dimension.Therefore,a complex interaction existed between desert plant community diversity and soil particle size.Conclusion:The plant species in the Ulan Buh Desert were relatively simple,and the diversity index was low.The fractal dimension was closely related to soil particle size and was an effective indicator for characterizing soil texture and restoration potential.For ecological restoration and soil management in this area,a scientific strategy should be formulated by considering the relationship between plant diversity and soil characteristics

关 键 词：土壤粒径 土壤分形维数 群落多样性 乌兰布和沙漠 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学]