允许缺货和不合格品的改进转运EOQ模型研究  

An Improved Transshipment EOQ Model Allowing Shortages andImperfect Quality Items

作　　者：李兰 程幼明[1] 何惠妍[1] 胡祥瑛 LI Lan;CHENG Youming;HE Huiyan;HU Xiangying(School of Economics and Management,Anhui Polytechnic University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工程大学经济与管理学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《安徽工程大学学报》2024年第5期65-73,共9页Journal of Anhui Polytechnic University

基　　金：安徽省高校科研资助项目(2022AH050976)。

摘　　要：缺货问题是库存管理中常见问题之一。现有的库存控制模型通常采用延期满足或依靠安全库存来解决缺货的情况。然而,延期满足会对顾客体验和企业形象产生负面影响,可能引发顾客抱怨和需求转移等风险。本文发现允许缺货和不合格品的经济订货数量(Economic Order Quantity,EOQ)模型在一个特定的允许缺货和不合格品的库存系统中,其年缺货量是一个确定的值。首先,引入转运思想,将基础模型中的缺货量转化为增加一次订货的转运来满足需求。通过对基础模型进行改进,在以最小化库存总成本为目标的基础上,平衡库存成本的构成,构建一种允许缺货和不合格品的改进转运EOQ模型。该模型旨在减少缺货损失,及时有效地满足顾客需求,并优化库存成本。然后,分析比较了模型改进前后转运对库存成本的影响,并确定了改进转运EOQ模型的实施条件,即缺货成本不小于缺货量的持有成本与转运订货成本之和。最后,通过算例验证了本文提出模型的可行性和有效性。研究结果表明,适量的缺货可以降低库存成本。通过转运将缺货成本转化为订货成本和持有成本,可以进一步降低允许缺货和不合格品EOQ模型的库存成本,并避免缺货发生。这对于进一步降低库存成本、减少缺货损失、及时满足需求以减少需求转移风险非常有利,同时也提供了一种降低库存成本的新思路。Shortage is a common problem in inventory management.Existing inventory control models often employ backordering or rely on safety stock to address shortage situations.However,backordering can have negative impacts on customer experience and corporate image,potentially leading to customer complaints and demand diversion risks.This study explores the Economic Order Quantity(EOQ)model that allows shortages and imperfect quality in a specific inventory system,where the annual stockout quantity is a deterministic value.By introducing transshipment,the study converts the stockout quantity in the base model into an additional shipment to fulfill the demand.By improving the base model,aiming to minimize the total inventory cost while balancing the constituents of inventory cost,an improved transshipment EOQ model allowing shortages and imperfect quality items is presented.This model aims to reduce stockout losses,timely and efficiently meet customer demand,and optimize inventory costs.The study analyzes and compares the impact of transshipment on inventory costs before and after the model improvement,and identifies the implementation conditions for the improved transshipment EOQ model,namely when the shortages cost is not less than the sum of holding costs for shortages and transshipment ordering costs.Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are validated through numerical examples.The research findings demonstrate that a moderate level of shortages can reduce inventory costs.By converting shortage costs into ordering costs and holding costs through transshipment,the inventory costs of the EOQ model allowing for shortages and imperfect quality items can be further reduced,while avoiding shortages.This is highly beneficial for further reducing inventory costs,minimizing shortages losses,promptly meeting demand,and reducing demand diversion risks,which provides a new perspective for lowering inventory costs.

关 键 词：转运 经济订货数量 缺货 库存控制模型 

分 类 号：C939[经济管理—管理学]