碳纳米管/热塑性聚氨酯弹性导电复合纤维的制备及性能  

Preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes/thermoplastic polyurethane elastic conductive fibers

作　　者：杨金平 孙润军[1,2] 程雪 孙华秋 魏亮[1,2] YANG Jinping;SUN Runjun;CHENG Xue;SUN Huaqiu;WEI Liang(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China;Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials and Products,Ministry of Education,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学纺织工程与科学学院,陕西西安710048 [2]西安工程大学功能性纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《纺织高校基础科学学报》2024年第5期20-27,共8页Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities

基　　金：国家科技部重点研发计划项目(2018YFC2000900);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JQ-016)。

摘　　要：拉伸应变传感纤维是智能可穿戴纺织品中的重要单元,在实现拉伸回弹功能的同时具备较好的导电性能是智能可穿戴纺织品实现信号采集及传输功能的基础。为改善拉伸应变传感纤维力学性能并兼具良好的拉伸回弹和导电性能,选用具有优异导电性能的多壁碳纳米管作为导电填料,具有高弹性能的热塑性聚氨酯为弹性基材制备复合弹性导电纤维。采用湿法纺丝工艺,以去离子水作为凝固浴,在纺丝过程中对纤维进行牵伸和热烘干工艺处理,制备了碳纳米管/热塑性聚氨酯(MWCNTs/TPU)复合纤维。通过调节聚氨酯纺丝液中多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的负载量制备不同规格的MWCNTs/TPU束丝纤维,对所制备复合纤维的形貌结构、导电性能、力学性能和拉伸应变传感性能进行测试表征。结果表明:随着MWCNTs添加量的增加,电导率增大,MWCNTs与TPU结合良好;当多壁碳纳米管添加量为9%时,MWCNTs/TPU长丝纤维电导率达37.5 S/m,拉伸强度23.82 MPa,断裂伸长率153%;MWCNTs添加量为8%和9%的TPU长丝纤维样品在不同应变拉伸条件下电阻变化率随时间的变化显示出良好的稳定性。所制备的MWCNTs/TPU弹性导电长丝样品显示出较大的应变工作范围和良好的循环稳定性(2000次循环)。可为采用工业湿法纺丝机低成本、批量、高速制备高强力弹性复合导电拉伸应变传感材料提供实验参考。Stretch strain sensing fibers are an important unit in smart wearable textiles,and achieving stretch recovery function while improving electrical conductivity is the basis for the realization of signal collection and transmission functions in smart wearable textiles.To improve the mechanical properties of stretch strain sensing fibers and solve the problem of achieving stretch recovery and electrical conductivity,multiwalled carbon nanotubes with excellent electrical conductivity were selected as the conductive filler and thermoplastic polyurethane with high elasticity as the elastic matrix to prepare composite elastic conductive fibers.In this study,the MWCNTs/TPU composite fibers were prepared by wet spinning process using a porous nozzle,and deionized water was used as the solidifying bath.The spinning process was carried out on the fibers by pulling and heat drying,and the MWCNTs loading amount in the TPU spinning solution was adjusted to prepare different specifications of MWCNTs/TPU filament fibers.The morphological structure,electrical conductivity,mechanical properties,and strain sensing performance of the composite fibers were tested and characterized.The results show that as the addition of MWCNTs increases,the electrical conductivity increases,and MWCNTs have good bonding with TPU.When the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes is 9%,the electrical conductivity of the MWCNTs/TPU filament fiber is 37.5 S/m,the tensile strength is 23.82 MPa,and the elongation at break is 153%.The resistance change rate of the TPU filament fiber samples with MWCNTs additions of 8%and 9%under different strain stretching conditions shows good stability over time.The MWCNTs/TPU elastic conductive filament samples show a large strain working range and good cyclic stability(2000 cycles).This study can provide experimental reference for low-cost,batch,and high-speed production of high-strength elastic composite conductive stretch strain sensing materials using industrial wet spinning machines.

关 键 词：智能可穿戴 多壁碳纳米管 聚氨酯 湿法纺丝 导电纤维 

分 类 号：TQ342.83[化学工程—化纤工业]