特厚煤层综放工作面厚硬顶板深孔爆破初次放顶技术研究  

Study on technology of deep-hole blasting combined cutting of hard thick roof in fully mechanized caving face of extra-thick coal seam

作　　者：赵铁林 侯公羽[1] 邵耀华[1] 张洪伟 薛吉胜 ZHAO Tielin;HOU Gongyu;SHAO Yaohua;ZHANG Hongwei;XUE Jisheng(School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Coal Mining and Designing Department,Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2024年第6期1179-1189,共11页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907501);国家自然科学基金项目(52204162)。

摘　　要：为揭示复合坚硬顶板深孔爆破组合放顶规律与机制,基于弹性力学理论,建立了“四周固支”“三端固支、一端简支”和“混合形式”顶板简化力学模型,分析了不同支撑形式和参数下顶板的变形破坏规律;基于同忻煤矿8210工作面实际地质条件,提出了“开切眼+两巷”深孔爆破组合切顶方案,设计了组合切顶技术参数,并开展了现场工程验证。结果表明:厚硬顶板的厚度对顶板完整性影响很大,尤其是对于地层中存在较厚坚硬顶板或复合顶板的条件下,采用单一开切眼切顶并不一定能实现顶板断裂,还要辅助巷道侧向切顶才能有效断顶。“开切眼+两巷”组合爆破切顶能有效减小厚硬顶板悬顶面积,基本顶初次垮落步距控制在了40 m左右,相较于以往工作面缩短了50%以上,实现了厚硬顶板大面积悬顶的有效治理。该研究可为同类地质条件下工作面顶板灾害的治理提供理论基础,为厚硬顶板下煤层的安全开采提供技术指导。Aiming at revealing the law and mechanism of deep-hole blasting combined cutting of composite hard roof,the simplified mechanical models of roof characterized with“four-end fixed support”,“three-end fixed support,one-end simple support”,and“mixed support”were established based on the theory of elasticity,and then the laws of roof deformation and failure under different support forms and parameters were analyzed.Moreover,based on the actual geological conditions of the 8210 working face of Tongxin Coal Mine,the deep-hole blasting combined roof cutting program of“open-off cut+two tunnels”was proposed,and the technical parameters of combined roof cutting were given.Finally,on-site engineering verification was carried out.The results reveal that the thickness of the hard thick roof considerably influences the integrity of the roof.In the presence of a thick hard roof or a composite roof in the formation,the method of roof cutting at the open-off cut alone may fail to break the roof,and lateral roof cutting from roadway sides can serve as an auxiliary method to achieve sufficient roof breakage.The deep-hole blasting combined roof cutting method of“open-off cut+two tunnels”can effectively shrink the suspended area of the thick hard roof,and the initial caving step distance of the main roof is controlled at about 40 m.This step distance is shortened by more than 50%compared with previous practice,marking effective management of the large suspended area of the thick hard roof.The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical basis for the management of roof disasters in working faces under the same geological conditions,and to provide technical guidance for the safe mining of coal seams with a thick hard roof.

关 键 词：厚硬顶板 顶板结构 深孔爆破 切顶 初次垮断步距 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]