深部松软高瓦斯煤层底板岩层深孔聚能控制爆破增透研究  

Study on permeability enhancement by deep-hole shaped-charge controlled blasting of deep soft and high gas coal seam floor

作　　者：张健玉 刘泽功[1,3,4] 傅师贵 乔国栋 张鑫 杨帅[1] ZHANG Jianyu;LIU Zegong;FU Shigui;QIAO Guodong;ZHANG Xin;YANG Shuai(School of Safety and Engineering,Anhui University of Science&Technology,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China;School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Bengbu University,Bengbu,Anhui 233030,China;Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center,Hefei,Anhui 230031,China;Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Ming Ministry of Education,Anhui University of Science&Technology,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学安全科学与工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]蚌埠学院材料与化学工程学院,安徽蚌埠233030 [3]合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院,安徽合肥230031 [4]安徽理工大学煤矿安全高效开采省部共建教育部重点实验室,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2024年第6期1311-1322,共12页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52074013);安徽省自然科学基金项目(YJS20210395)。

摘　　要：为解决深部松软高瓦斯煤层深孔预裂爆破增透时存在的问题,提出了底板岩层爆破增透方法,搭建了双向加载气固耦合爆破相似模拟实验系统,开展了普通药包、聚能药包和控制孔爆破的对比实验。结果表明:普通药包爆破后能量大部分作用于底板岩层,对底板造成过度破坏,无法有效致裂上方煤体;布置控制孔爆破后测点拉应变峰值明显增大,煤体形成大量拉伸裂纹,损伤范围增大;聚能药包爆破后静载作用时间增加,聚能方向爆破裂纹集中扩展。聚能药包爆破后对底板的破坏减少了26.67%,对煤体的损伤提高了167%,有效致裂煤体的同时减少了对底板的破坏。使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对普通药包和聚能药包耦合控制孔爆破进行对比分析,结果表明:聚能药包耦合控制孔相较于普通药包爆破,可在爆破孔和控制孔连线形成“倒三角形”应力集中区域,对煤体的损伤率提高了85.37%,对底板的损伤率减少了32.07%,爆破效果明显优于普通药包。研究成果对深部松软高瓦斯煤层爆破增透具有一定的参考意义。This study is targeted at problems associated with deep-hole pre-split blasting in enhancing the permeability of deep soft coal seams with a high gas content.To address these problems,a method for permeability enhancement by floor blasting was proposed here.First,a state-of-the-art bidirectional loading gas-solid coupling and blasting similar simulation experimental system was developed in the laboratory.With the aid of this experimental system,a series of comparison experiments involving ordinary-charge blasting,shaped-charge blasting,and controlled-hole blasting were performed.The results show that ordinary charge blasting predominantly impacts the floor rock,resulting in excessive damage to the floor,but it cannot effectively induce cracks in the overlying coal.In contrast,controlled-hole blasting leads to a notable increase in peak tensile strain,generating a significant number of tensile cracks in the coal and corresponding to an expanded overall damage range.Moreover,shaped-charge blasting indicates an elongated duration of static load action,accompanied by intensive expansion of cracks in the shaped-charge direction.After the application of shaped-charge blasting,the damage to the floor is reduced by 26.67%,and the damage to the coal is promoted by 167%.This approach proves effective in cracking the coal while minimizing damage to the floor.Furthermore,the blasting effects of ordinary charge and shaped charge coupled with controlled-hole blasting was comparatively analyzed using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software.The results indicate that,in comparison to ordinary charge,shaped charge coupled with controlled-hole blasting forms an“inverted-triangle-shaped”stress concentration region along the line connecting the blast hole and the controlled hole.The coupled blasting method raises the damage to the coal by 85.37%and decreases the damage to the floor by 32.07%,boasting noticeably improved blasting effectiveness.The research results have certain reference significance for directional blasting for enhancing the perme

关 键 词：深部松软高瓦斯煤层 深孔爆破 增透 聚能药包 控制孔 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]