世界毒品治理模式研究  

Research on Global Drug Control Models

作　　者：林冬梅[1,2] 夏建兰 Lin Dongmei;Xia Jianlan

机构地区：[1]北京警察学院 [2]北京警察学院跨国移民研究中心 [3]北京警察学院涉外警务系

出　　处：《北京政法职业学院学报》2024年第4期30-36,共7页Journal of Beijing College of Politics and Law

基　　金：公安部科技理论项目的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:2022LL03。

摘　　要：世界毒品治理模式总体而言可以归结为两类——司法惩治导向模式和公共卫生导向模式。司法惩治导向模式强调从毒品供应层面采取措施,严格管控毒品及打击毒品犯罪;公共卫生导向模式强调从毒品需求层面采取措施,关注人权和公共健康。从传统司法惩治导向模式到目前两种模式并行发展,这一过程受到多重因素影响。文章立足中国问题,坚持综合治理理念,走中国特色毒品治理之路;合理确定禁毒主责部门,高效推进毒品治理工作;加强多方实质化参与毒品治理,实现毒品治理效果最大化;转变“重刑治毒”思维,均衡毒品治理战略资源;探索毒品分级管制制度,提高毒品管制的合理性和可操作性;加强基于循证方法的毒品政策效果评估,科学制定和调整毒品政策。Generally speaking,the world drug governance model can be classified into two categories:judicial (or severe) punishment oriented model and public health oriented model.The judicial punishment oriented model emphasizes taking measures from the drug supply level to strictly control drugs and crack down on drug crimes;and the public health oriented model emphasizes a demand level approach,focusing on human rights and public health.From the traditional model,the judicial punishment oriented model,to the current parallel development of the two models,this process is affected by multiple factors.The formation and evolution of drug governance models in the world is of reference significance to the construction of a drug governance system with Chinese characteristics.Firstly,based on China's problems,the construction of drug governance system should adhere to the concept of comprehensive treatment,and take the road of drug control with Chinese characteristics.Secondly,drug governance should be effectively promoted by an appropriate drug control agency.Thirdly,involving multiple parties into substantively participating drug governance practices can maximize the effect of drug policies.Fourthly,the thinking of "severe punishment to combat drug crimes" needs to be changed so as to balance the strategic resources of drug governance.Fifthly,The drug scheduling system can improve the rationality and operability of drug control.Lastly,evidence-based approaches should be introduced into the evaluation of drug policies so as to formulate and adjust drug policies scientifically.

关 键 词：毒品治理模式 司法惩治导向 公共卫生导向 中国特色毒品治理体系 

分 类 号：D997.9[政治法律—刑法学]