锂离子电池耐热隔膜的研究进展  

Research progress on heat-resistant separators for lithium-ion batteries

作　　者：刘天伟 赵展鹏 范浩波 陈美玉[1] 王秋实[1] LIU Tianwei;ZHAO Zhanpeng;FAN Haobo;CHEN Meiyu;WANG Qiushi(Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials and Products,Ministry of Education,Xi'an Polytechnic University,Xi′an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学功能性纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《印染》2024年第12期70-74,80,共6页China Dyeing and Finishing

基　　金：陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目(21JY015)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池(LIB)因能量密度高、循环寿命长等优点,广泛应用于便携式电子产品和大型储能设备中。综述了传统聚烯烃隔膜改进和本征耐热隔膜研发的研究现状及相关机理。在传统聚烯烃隔膜方面,研究主要集中在高热阻系数的无机陶瓷颗粒涂覆和化学接枝、共价交联等有机耐热改性两类方法;在本征耐热隔膜方面,无机陶瓷隔膜、耐热聚合物隔膜以及有机-无机复合隔膜被广泛研究,这些隔膜材料在高温环境中表现出优异的热稳定性、机械性能和电化学性能。通过分析上述方法发现,材料选择、材料改性和结构设计可以显著提升LIB隔膜的耐热性能,同时尽量减少对其力学性能和电化学性能的不利影响。未来研究应集中在利用有机-无机复合材料的性能特点来优化隔膜材料的综合性能,并开发成本低、性能优异的耐热隔膜,从而推动LIB的安全应用和市场推广。Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are widely used in portable electronic devices and large-scale energy storage systems due to their high energy density and long cycle life.The current research progress and mechanisms behind the improvement of traditional polyolefin separators and the development of intrinsically heat-resistant separators are reviewed.In terms of traditional polyolefin separators,research mainly focuses on inorganic ceramic particle coatings with high thermal resistance and organic heat-resistant modifications,such as chemical grafting and covalent cross-linking.For intrinsically heat-resistant separators,inorganic ceramic separators,heat-resistant polymer separators,and organic-inorganic composite separators have been widely studied.These separator materials exhibit excellent thermal stability,mechanical properties,and electrochemical performance in high-temperature environments.By analyzing the aforementioned approaches,it is evident that material selection,material modification,and structural design can significantly enhance the thermal resistance of LIB separators while minimizing negative impacts on their mechanical and electrochemical properties.Future research should focus on optimizing the overall performance of separator materials by leveraging the characteristics of organic-inorganic composite materials and developing cost-effective,high-performance heat-resistant separators,thus further promoting the safe application and market expansion of LIBs.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 耐热隔膜 安全性能 本征耐热材料 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TQ340.64[化学工程—化纤工业]