三峡工程防洪调度研究及作用分析  

Studies on flood control operation of the Three Gorges Project and its functions

作　　者：陈桂亚[1,2] 张俊 邹强 Chen Guiya;Zhang Jun;Zou Qiang

机构地区：[1]水利部长江水利委员会,武汉430010 [2]长江水利委员会水旱灾害防御创新团队,武汉430010 [3]长江水利委员会水文局,武汉430010 [4]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,武汉430010

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第22期41-47,共7页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3206000)。

摘　　要：长江洪涝灾害频发重发,严重影响流域经济社会高质量发展,一直是中华民族的心腹之患。三峡工程作为长江防洪关键工程,在长江中下游防洪中具有重要地位。自2003年三峡水库成库以来,水利部长江水利委员会持续深化三峡工程的防洪调度研究与实践,防洪调度方式不断清晰和优化,在近年来历次洪水防御中发挥了巨大作用。梳理了三峡工程防洪调度研究进程,包括《长江三峡水利枢纽初步设计报告(枢纽工程)》《三峡水库优化调度方案》《三峡(正常运行期)—葛洲坝水利枢纽梯级调度规程》《三峡(正常运行期)—葛洲坝水利枢纽梯级调度规程(2019年修订版)》等政策文件的调度体系及最新研究进展,并选择2016年、2017年、2020年、2024年等不同特点的典型洪水,分析了三峡水库在面临不同防洪形势和目标下的调度实践和防洪作用,并提出需要进一步开展三峡水库对城陵矶河段防洪实时预报调度方式深化研究,加强三峡和上游控制性水库防洪库容联合运用研究,以及加强基于中长期预报的水库群调度策略研究与应用,充分发挥以三峡工程为核心的长江水库群防洪作用。Frequent occurrence and recurrence of flood and waterlogging disasters in the Yangtze River have seriously affected the high-quality economic and social development of the basin,and have always been a concern for the Chinese nation.The Three Gorges Project,as a backbone for flood control,plays an important role in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Since its completion in 2003,the Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources has conducted in-depth research on flood control operation of the Three Gorges Project and methods of scheduling which have been optimized and played a key role in the prevention of major floods in recent years.By reviewing the research process including scheduling system and latest policy documents such as the “Preliminary Design Report of the Three Gorges Multi-purpose Dam Project(Dam Project)”,“Three Gorges Reservoir Optimization Scheduling Plan”,“Three Gorges(Normal Operation Period)-Gezhouba Dam Cascade Scheduling Regulations”,and“Three Gorges(Normal Operation Period)-Gezhouba Dam Cascade Scheduling Regulations(Revised in 2019)”,typical floods with different features in 2016,2017,2020,2024 were selected to analyze function of the Three Gorges Reservoir by scheduling under different situations and purposes.Measures to strengthen flood control for the Chenglingji River section by the Three Gorges Reservoir were proposed.Suggestions are made to study on real time forecasting and scheduling methodologies,joint operation of flood control storage capacities of reservoirs,application of reservoir group scheduling based on medium and long-term forecasting,and leveraging role of the Yangtze River reservoir group for flood control.

关 键 词：三峡工程 防洪调度 洪水预报 防洪补偿 调洪水位 

分 类 号：TV87[水利工程—水利水电工程]