三峡航运发展历程、经验与启示  

Experiences and reflections of history of navigation development of the Three Gorges

作　　者：贾大山[1] Jia Dashan

机构地区：[1]交通运输部水运科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第22期55-60,共6页China Water Resources

摘　　要：三峡工程极大地改善了长江通航环境,提升了河道通航等级和航运通过能力,发挥了巨大航运效益。航运条件的巨大改善使得区域经济社会发展和内河运输的比较优势日渐显现,三峡枢纽航运货物通过量自通航以来持续快速增长。面对快速增长的需求态势对通航能力提出的挑战,通过不断完善基础设施建设,推进管理体制改革,船舶通过能力持续提升;面对过去存在的船舶吨位小、船型尺度杂,以及船舶存在的安全隐患和生态环境隐患等问题,通过强化政策激励,迭代技术标准,推动技术进步,船舶大型化、标准化取得显著进展;通过全面加强反恐制度和能力建设,持续强化安全管理和科技创新,坚持生态优先,保障了三峡航运安全、绿色发展。世界变局、技术进步和气候变化等对三峡通航高质量发展提出了更高要求,且三峡-葛洲坝船闸运行趋于饱和,建议紧抓三峡水运新通道机遇,进一步提升三峡航运通过能力;推动相关体制改革和政策创新,为三峡航运发展创造更好环境;抓住当前数字化技术、新能源和生态绿色技术发展机遇,进一步发挥枢纽航运效益,更全面服务经济社会高质量发展。The Three Gorges Project has greatly improved the navigation condition of the Yangtze River and brought great benefits,with the increase of navigation level and shipping capacity of the river.The improvement in navigation conditions has resulted in a comparative advantage of the region in economic and social development and inland transportation.The volume of cargo passing through the Three Gorges Ship Lock has continued to grow since its operation.In the face of the challenges posed by the rapidly growing demand situation on navigation capacity,the navigation capacity has been enhanced continuously by perfection of infrastructures and management system reform.In the face of the problems of small tonnage,various ship sizes,and hidden safety risks and ecological environmental risks,large-scale and standardized ship construction has been boosted by policy incentives,iterative technical standard and technical advancement.Safety and green development has been ensured by strengthening anti-terrorism system and capacity building,and security management and technological innovation,and giving priority to ecology.The changes in the world,technological progress and climate change have raised higher requirements for high-quality development of navigation in the Three Gorges.Since the capacities of the Three Gorges and the Gezhouba ship locks are approaching saturation,it is suggested to further enhance the navigation capacity of the Three Gorges,implement institutional reform and policy innovation to create a better environment,maximize role of digital,new energy and ecological-sound technologies and benefits,so as to provide better service for high-quality economic and social development.

关 键 词：三峡工程 航运 船闸 升船机 船舶标准化 技术创新 管理制度 安全绿色发展 

分 类 号：TV61[水利工程—水利水电工程] U6[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]