长江中下游干流河道安全分析与对策探讨  

Safety of river courses of middle and lower mainstreams of the Yangtze River and measure study

作　　者：许全喜 金中武[1,2] Xu Quanxi;Jin Zhongwu

机构地区：[1]长江科学院,武汉430010 [2]水利部长江中下游河湖治理与防洪重点实验室,武汉430010

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第22期66-73,共8页China Water Resources

基　　金：长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2040212)。

摘　　要：长江中下游干流河道安全直接关系防洪安全、供水安全、航道安全、生态安全等诸多方面。经过多年治理,在控制和改善河势、保障防洪安全、维系优良生态、促进航运发展等方面取得显著成就。梳理归纳了长江中下游干流河道安全存在的主要问题,包括安全上存在洪水峰高量大与河道蓄泄能力不足的矛盾依然突出、局部河势不稳、滩槽冲淤变化对中下游干线航道的稳定构成一定威胁、河床冲刷导致枯水期水位下降、水环境质量尚未达到水功能区规定的水质类别要求等。分析了在新阶段和新水沙条件下的两大新形势:长江经济带高质量发展对长江中下游河道安全提出新的更高要求;长江中下游河道冲淤和江湖关系已发生变化并将在今后长时期内继续调整。进一步分析了三峡工程运用以来长江中下游干流河道水沙变化特征、不同河型演变规律及影响效应,指出未来水沙情势及江湖关系变化趋势。针对目前存在的问题,充分考虑新时期的发展战略调整趋势,紧紧围绕多目标协同需求,施行了包括制定相关法律及规划、河道及航道整治工程提升、完善河湖长制与监督管理措施、加强水库群联合调度、推进数字孪生长江建设等一系列保障河道安全的主要措施。Safety of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River relates directly to flood control,water supply,navigation and ecology of the basin.After years of practices,great achievements have been made in improving river regime,flood control safety,ecology and navigation.Key issues were examined including failure to ciontrol high flood peak due to insufficient storage and discharge capacity,unstable conditions of local rivers and mainstreams caused by erosion and sedimentation,water level drops during dry seasons,and degradation of water environment that fail to meet the water quality requirements specified for water function zones.New situations in the new stage and under new water-sediment condition are examined.First,highquality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt makes new and higher requirements for the safety of the river.Second,erosion and sedimentation of the middle and lower reaches and the relationship between river and lake have undergone changes and will continue to be adjusted in the long term in the future.Further analysis was conducted on the characteristics of water and sediment change since the operation of the Three Gorges Dam and the evolution pattern and impact of different river type.Future trend of water and sediment and changes of river lake relationship were analyzed.In response to the existing problems,fully considering the trend of strategic adjustments in the new period,and focusing on the multi-objective synergy needs,a series of main measures have been implemented to ensure river safety,including formulating relevant laws and plans,upgrading river and canal regulation and dredging projects,improving the river lake administration and supervision system,strengthening the coordinated operation of reservoir groups,and promoting the construction of digital twin Yangtze River.

关 键 词：长江中下游 河道安全 水沙情势 河道演变 河道整治 联合调度 数字孪生 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]