新疆盐碱地治理利用研究回顾与启示  

Reclamation of saline-alkali soils in Xinjiang:A review

作　　者：吕宁[1,2,3] 石磊 戴昱余[1,2] 李云霞 尹飞虎 LYU Ning;SHI Lei;DAI Yuyu;LI Yunxia;YIN Feihu(Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water Resources,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]兵团水资源高效利用重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第12期1-10,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900405-3);兵团重点领域科技攻关计划、兵团农业科技创新工程(2021AB037);兵团科技创新人才计划项目(2022CB028);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-XY-34)。

摘　　要：新疆盐碱地面积大、类型多,其治理利用对于缓解国家耕地紧缺和保障粮食安全具有重要意义。探索与新疆干旱生境与现代节水灌溉模式相匹配的治理新技术是新疆盐碱地资源可持续利用的关键。通过历史文献回顾和数据量化评价法系统梳理了新疆盐碱地治理历程与成效,解析了水资源刚性约束下盐碱地治理的瓶颈问题,提出新形势下新疆盐碱地综合利用启示。基于新疆水土平衡配置及节水灌溉农田次生盐渍化特点,提出了从流域和灌区尺度设计“防控治”一体化方案、合理确定灌溉与生态用水指标、探明滴灌农田耕区分层靶向降盐技术、建立农田土壤盐渍化动态监测体系、实施分区分类差异化防治等启示,以期为新疆盐碱地治理利用的精准施策提供依据。Saline-alkali soils in Xinjiang are extensive and diverse.Reclaiming these soils for agricultural production plays a critical role in safeguarding food security in China.Exploring reclamation technologies that align with the arid environmental nature and modern water-saving irrigation techniques unique in the region is crucial for the sustainable use of these saline-alkali soils.This paper reviews the historical development and effectiveness of various saline-alkali soil management techniques in Xinjiang,based on literature review and quantitative evaluation of available data.We analyze the bottlenecks in managing saline-alkali soils under the constraints of limited water resources,providing insight into comprehensive utilization strategies for saline-alkali soils in the context of new challenges faced by the region.Based on the balance between water and soil resources,as well as the characteristics of secondary soil salinization in irrigated farmland,we propose an integrated‘prevention,control,and treatment’strategy for soil management in watersheds and irrigation districts in the region.Our recommendations include determining rational water resource allocation for irrigation and ecological maintenance,identifying effective techniques to desalinate specific soil layers in drip-irrigated farmlands,establishing dynamic monitoring systems to monitor soil salinization,and implementing prevention-control measures tailored to different types of salinized soils in different areas in the region.These provide a guidance for policymaking to improve management and utilization of saline-alkali soils in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：新疆 盐碱地 盐渍化 水土平衡 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] TV93[农业科学—农业基础科学]