不同灌溉模式下生物炭施用量对水稻生长和产量的影响  

Impact of irrigation method and biochar application on growth and yield of rice

作　　者：窦超银 李祥瑞 孙一迪 吕玉平 顾林辉 DOU Chaoyin;LI Xiangrui;SUN Yidi;LYU Yuping;GU Linhui(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第12期21-29,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500402-1);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究淹灌和干湿交替灌溉模式下生物炭施用量对建三江地区水稻生长和产量的影响,确定该地区水稻不同灌溉模式下适宜的生物炭用量。【方法】基于田间试验,设置2种灌溉模式:淹灌(CF)和干湿交替灌溉(AWD),3个生物炭施用量:B5(5 t/hm^(2))、B15(15 t/hm^(2))、B25(25 t/hm^(2)),以淹灌不施生物炭为对照(CK),研究2种灌溉模式下生物炭施用量对水稻生长和产量的影响。【结果】2种灌溉模式下施加生物炭均促进了植株分蘖和株高生长,但与CK差异不显著;施用生物炭有利于建三江地区水稻叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质和产量形成,以B15处理效果最为明显,CF灌溉模式下B15处理水稻LAI、干物质量、产量分别较CK显著增加39.8%、17.0%、10.0%,AWD灌溉模式下则较CK分别增加36.9%、18.3%、11.3%。相同生物炭用量条件下,灌溉模式对水稻植株分蘖和株高影响较小,但AWD灌溉模式更有利于干物质量和产量形成,AWD灌溉模式下水稻干物质量和产量均值分别较CF灌溉模式增加1.0%和0.8%。CF灌溉模式水稻耗水量与CK相近,而AWD灌溉模式水稻耗水量较CK减少11.0%,AWD灌溉模式水分利用效率较CF灌溉模式平均增加13.3%;同一灌溉模式下,B15处理水稻水分利用效率显著高于其他处理,CF、AWD灌溉模式下B15处理水分利用效率分别较CK提高9.7%和25.5%。【结论】建三江地区施加生物炭能够促进水稻生长和产量形成,增产幅度随生物炭施用量增加呈先增加后减少趋势,综合考虑增产、节水等因素,干湿交替灌溉模式下施加15t/hm^(2)生物炭为最佳的水炭耦合模式。【Objective】To study the effects of applying different amounts of biochar on the growth and yield of rice in the Jiansanjiang area under flooded irrigation and alternating wet and dry irrigation modes,and to determine the appropriate amount of biochar under different irrigation modes for rice in this area.【Method】The experiment was carried out as a field trial using two irrigation modes:flood irrigation(CF)and alternating wet and dry irrigation(AWD).Additionally,three biochar application rates were used:B5(5 t/hm^(2)),B15(15 t/hm^(2)),and B25(25 t/hm^(2)).Flooded irrigation without biochar treatment was used as the control(CK)to study the effects of different biochar application rates on rice growth and yield under two irrigation modes.【Result】The application of biochar promoted plant tillering and plant height growth under both irrigation models,but the difference with CK was not significant.Biochar application favored rice LAI,dry matter and yield formation in the Jiansanjiang area,with the most pronounced effect in the B15 treatment.The LAI,dry matter mass and yield of rice in B15 treatment under CF irrigation mode were significantly increased by 39.8%,17.0%and 10.0%,respectively,compared with those in CK.The LAI,dry matter mass,and yield of rice in B15 treatment under AWD irrigation model were significantly increased by 36.9%,18.3%,and 11.3%,respectively,compared with those in CK.Irrigation modes had less effect on tillering and plant height of rice under the same biochar application rate,but AWD irrigation model was more favorable for dry matter mass and yield.Mean rice dry matter mass and yield increased by 1.0%and 0.8%,respectively,under the AWD irrigation mode compared to the CF irrigation mode.Water consumption of rice under CF irrigation mode was similar to that of CK,whereas water consumption of rice under AWD irrigation mode was 11.0%less than that of CK.Water use efficiency in AWD irrigation mode increased by 13.3%than that of CF mode.Under the same irrigation mode,rice water use efficienc

关 键 词：生物炭 干湿交替灌溉 产量 水分利用率 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S158[农业科学—农业工程]