增氧-控水灌溉对水稻生理生长特性及产量的影响  

Effects of regulated aerated irrigation on growth and yield of rice

作　　者：罗统成 唐怿舟 张文萍[1] 彭飞宇 胡德勇[1] 蒋正义 彭博[1] LUO Tongcheng;TANG Yizhou;ZHANG Wenping;PENG Feiyu;HU Deyong;JIANG Zhengyi;PENG Bo(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学水利与土木工程学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第12期39-46,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2023JJ30311);湖南省水利科技一般项目(XSKJ2021000-22,XSKJ2021000-42)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究增氧-控水灌溉对水稻生育前期生理生长特性及籽粒产量的影响,揭示增氧-控水灌溉调控水稻抽穗开花期花粉活力、花期特异基因OsFKF1表达量及籽粒产量的机理,并筛选适宜的增氧-控水理论满意方案。【方法】以水稻中早39为研究对象进行盆栽试验,设置2种灌溉方式:CK(增氧-常规灌溉)、T(增氧-控水灌溉),采用在分蘖前期、抽穗开花期、灌浆期不控水处理(0~30 mm水层),在分蘖中期、分蘖后期、孕穗期控水处理(60%~80%、80%~100%)模式,研究水稻生育前期各部位植物激素脱落酸ABA质量浓度、过氧化物酶POD活性对水稻抽穗开花期花粉活力、OsFKF1基因表达量和籽粒产量的影响。【结果】水稻抽穗开花期花粉活力、花期特异基因OsFKF1表达量和籽粒产量均显著高于CK,T_(3)处理水稻花粉活力、T_(2)处理花期特异基因OsFKF1表达量和T_(8)处理籽粒产量出现最大值,分别为83.28%、2.96、83.908 g/株;增氧-控水灌溉导致水稻不同处理间分蘖中期根部和叶部ABA质量浓度、分蘖后期叶部POD活性差异显著,分蘖中期根部ABA质量浓度、分蘖后期叶部POD活性分别较CK降低16.73%~23.69%、19.91%~66.70%,拔节孕穗期根部ABA质量浓度较CK增加1.37%~63.52%,T_(1)-T_(4)处理分蘖中期根部POD活性较CK降低70.36%~71.55%,T_(5)-T_(8)处理分蘖中期根部POD活性较CK增加2.53%~7.00%;多元线性回归结果表明,增氧-控水灌溉使水稻分蘖后期根部ABA质量浓度增加,分蘖后期和拔节孕穗期叶部ABA质量浓度、分蘖中期根部和分蘖后期叶部POD活性降低同时,提高了水稻抽穗开花期花粉活力、OsFKF1基因表达量和籽粒产量。【结论】T_(3)处理水稻籽粒产量为82.18 g/株,是增氧-控水灌溉调控水稻ABA质量浓度和POD活性、提高水稻花粉活力和籽粒产量的理论满意方案。【Objective】Soil anaerobicityis a common abiotic stress in fine-textured soils that adversely affects crop growth.Aerated irrigation,achieved by adding air bubbles to irrigation water,is a technique to mitigate soil anaerobicity.This study investigates the effect of regulated aerated irrigation on rice growth,physiological traits at different growth stages,as well as grain yield.【Method】The experiment was conducted in pots using the Zhongzao 39 rice variety as model plant.The controlled irrigation was implemented by keeping soil moisture at 80%-100%(T_(1))or 60%-80%(T_(3))of the field capacity during late-tillering stage;at 80%-100%at late-tillering and booting stage(T_(2));at 60%-80%during late-tillering stage and 80%-100%during booting stage(T_(4));at 80%-100%during middle and late tillering stages(T_(5)),at 80%-100%from middle tillering stage to booting stage(T_(6)),at 80%-100%during mid-tillering stage and 60%-80%during late tillering stage(T_(7)),at 80%-100%during mid-tillering and booting stages and 60%-80%during later tillering stage.During non-controlled stages,all treatments kept a thin water layer at the depth of 0-30cm on the soil surface.The control(CK)was conventional flooding irrigation by keeping a 0-30cm of water layer on the soil surface.For each treatment,we measured abscisic acid(ABA),peroxidase activity(POD),pollen viability,OsFKF1 gene expression and grain yield.【Result】Compared with CK,the treatments significantly increased pollen viability,OsFKF1 expression at the heading and flowering stages,and grain yield.T3,T2 and T8 achieved the highest pollen viability(83.28%),OsFKF1 expression(2.96),and grain yield(83.908g/plant),respectively.ABA activity in roots and leaves,and POD activity in leaves,at the mid-tillering stage differed significantly between treatments.Compared with CK,the treatments reduced ABA in roots at the mid-tillering stage by 16.73%-23.69%and POD activity in leaves at the late-tillering stage by 19.91%-66.70%;conversely,they increased ABA in roots at the booting st

关 键 词：花粉活力 花期特异基因 植物激素脱落酸浓度 过氧化物酶活性 增氧-控水灌溉 水稻 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]