河套灌区耕地、荒地土壤盐渍化特征及其影响因素研究  

Salinization characteristics and its determinants of cultivated and uncultivated lands in the Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：胡智远 史海滨[1,2] 苗庆丰 侯聪[1,2] 于翠翠 牟云芳 张华 尚海灵 魏增明 HU Zhiyuan;SHI Haibin;MIAO Qingfeng;HOU Cong;YU Cuicui;MU Yunfang;ZHANG Hua;SHANG Hailing;WEI Zengming(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;High EfficiencyWater-saving Technology and Equipment and Soil Water Environment Engineering Research Center ofInner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010018,China;Bayannur Water Conservancy Research Institute,Bayannaoer 015000,China;Bayannur City Modern Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Center,Bayannaoer 015000,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Research Institute of Water Resources,Hohhot 010020,China;Inner Mongolia Coal Geological Exploration and Surveying Institute Co.,Ltd,Hohhot010000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]高效节水技术装备与水土环境效应内蒙古工程研究中心,呼和浩特010018 [3]巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [4]巴彦淖尔市现代农牧事业发展中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [5]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,呼和浩特010020 [6]内蒙古煤炭地质勘查(集团)测绘院有限公司,呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第12期97-105,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技项目(2023JBGS0003);“十四五”国家研发专项(2021YFC3201202-05);国家自然科学基金项目(52269014);盐碱地生态修复与节水减排控盐关键技术研究(YLXKZX-NND-052);科技兴蒙行动重点专项(NMKJXM202303-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究盐渍化灌区耕地、荒地土壤盐渍化特征和影响耕地、荒地土壤盐渍化特征的主要环境因素。【方法】以河套灌区典型斗渠灌排单元内耕地、荒地为研究对象,通过野外调研与室内化验分析结合,采用多元分析方法研究不同时期耕地、荒地离子特征和影响因素。【结果】研究区内耕地、荒地土壤阴离子均以Cl^(-)为主,分别占阴离子总量的59.31%、58.48%,阳离子以K^(+)+Na^(+)为主,分别占阳离子总量的71.32%、72.64%。相关分析表明,在耕地中K^(+)+Na^(+)与SO_(4)^(2-)的相关系数最大,为0.87;其次是Cl^(-),相关系数为0.66;与HCO_(3)^(-)的相关系数最小。荒地中,K^(+)+Na^(+)与Cl^(-)的相关系数最大,为0.93;其次是SO_(4)^(2-),相关系数为0.73。SO_(4)^(2-)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)、K^(+)+Na^(+)为耕地中主要特征因子,SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-)、K^(+)+Na^(+)、HCO_(3)^(-)为荒地主要特征因子。冗余分析表明,在前2个排序轴中,耕地盐分离子与环境因子的变量累积占比分别为13.56%、20.23%,荒地盐分离子与环境因子的变量累积占比分别为35.17%、46.17%。地下水水质对耕地、荒地土壤盐分离子影响最为显著,其次是土壤质地,在实施土壤改良时应优先关注研究区地下水水质。【结论】耕地、荒地土壤盐分以Cl^(-)、K^(+)+Na^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)为主,盐渍化程度较重,可以通过调节主要离子量来缓解。在防治措施上,应首先关注地下水水质和地下水埋深,其次是优化土壤质地,从而改善土壤盐渍化状态。【Objective】Hetao Irrigation District is one of the largest irrigation districts in Northwestern China.However,the imbalance between irrigation and drainage has resulted in soil salinization.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of soil salinization in both planted and uncultivated soils in this region,as well as the key environmental factors that influence soil salinization.【Method】Field investigation and laboratory test were conducted to analyze the ion characteristics and its influential factors in cultivated and uncultivated soils.【Result】In the studied area,the predominant anion in both cultivated and uncultivated soils was chloride(Cl^(-)),comprising 59.31%and 58.48%of the composition,respectively.The primary cations were potassium(K^(+))and sodium(Na^(+)),accounting for 71.32%in cultivated soils and 72.64%in uncultivated soils.Correlation analysis showed that,in cultivated soils,K^(+)and Na^(+)were most correlated with sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-))with a correlation coefficient of 0.87,followed by with Cl^(-),with a correlation coefficient of 0.66;they were least correlated with HCO_(3)^(-).In the uncultivated soils,K^(+)and Na^(+)were mostly correlated with Cl^(-),with a correlation coefficient of 0.93,followed by with SO_(4)^(2-),with a correlation coefficient of 0.73.Key factors affecting salinization in the cultivated soils included SO_(4)^(2-),magnesium(Mg^(2+)),Cl^(-),K^(+)and Na^(+),while in the uncultivated soil,they were SO_(4)^(2-),Cl^(-),K^(+),Na^(+)and HCO_(3)^(-).Redundancy analysis showed that salt ions and environmental factors accounted for 13.56%and 20.23%of the variation in salinization in cultivated soils,and 35.17%and 46.17%in salinization in cultivated soils,respectively.Groundwater quality affected soil salt ions themost,followed by soil texture.【Conclusion】Soil salinization in both cultivated and uncultivated soils is severe,with Cl^(-),K^(+),Na^(+)and SO_(4)^(2-)being the dominant ions.Effective strategies to mitigate soil salinization should focus on

关 键 词：盐渍化 盐分离子 地下水 土壤质地 耕地、荒地 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程]