山西省主要作物灌溉需水量时空分布及干旱评价  

Spatiotemporal variation in irrigation water requirement and drought assessment formajor crops in Shanxi Province

作　　者：王炜 崔清亮[2,3] 强生才[1] 张燕 WANG Wei;CUI Qingliang;QIANG Shengcai;ZHANG Yan(Shanxi Agricultural University College of Urban and Rural Construction,Taigu 030801,China;Shanxi Agricultural University College of Agricultural Engineering,Taigu 030801,China;Shanxi Agricultural University Dryland Farm Machinery Key Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学城乡建设学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学农业工程学院,山西太谷030801 [3]山西农业大学旱作农业机械关键技术与装备山西重点实验室,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第12期121-132,共12页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124666,201901D211384)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确山西省主要作物灌溉需水量的时空分布特征。【方法】基于山西省28个站点1960-2019年逐日气象资料,利用Penman-Monteith和单作物系数法计算山西省春玉米、夏玉米、春小麦、冬小麦、棉花和马铃薯6种作物需水量和灌溉需水量,绘制有效降水量、温度、参考作物腾发量(ET_(0))及各作物需水量(ET_(c))、灌溉需水量(IR)的空间分布图,并对山西省主要站点干旱频率及干旱影响范围进行评价。【结果】1960-2019年山西省ET0与多年日平均气温空间分布较为吻合,均表现为由南向北递减,在五台右玉一带达到最低之后又升高。除马铃薯以外其余作物IR随时间均呈下降趋势,其空间分布规律也不同。各作物IR平均值表现为冬小麦(293.23 mm)>春小麦(144.74 mm)>春玉米(142.81 mm)>棉花(131.89 mm)>夏玉米(82.81 mm)>马铃薯(74.56 mm)。从全生育期来看,各作物发生干旱的影响范围都属于全域性干旱。【结论】降水可基本满足夏玉米水分需求,春玉米、春小麦快速发育期、冬小麦、棉花、马铃薯生长中期需要补灌。【Objective】Agriculture is the largest water consumer in Shanxi Province.Understanding the water requirements of major crops is important for improvingwater resource management and the development of sustainable agriculture in the province.This paper studiesthe spatiotemporal variations in irrigation water requirements and drought assessment for major crops in the province.【Method】The reference evapotranspiration(ET_(0))was calculated using the Penman-Monteith formula based on daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2019 at 28 weather stations across the province.Using the single crop coefficient method,we calculated the water requirements(ET_(c))and irrigation requirements(IR)ofspring maize,summer maize,spring wheat,winter wheat,cottonand potato.The spatial distributionsof effective precipitation,temperature,ET_(0),ET_(c)and IRfor each crop wereanalyzed using ArcGIS to evaluate drought frequency and its impacts across the province.【Result】Spatially,ET_(0)and average daily temperaturevary consistently across the province,decreasing from South to North up to Wutai and Youyu,then increasing further northward.Temporally,except for potato,the IRof other crops has been decreasing from 1960 to 2019,with their IRvarying spatially.The average IRof major crops over the 1960-2019 period ranked as follows:winter wheat(293.23 mm)>spring wheat(144.74 mm)>spring maize(142.81 mm)>cotton(131.89 mm)>summer maize(82.81 mm)>potato(74.56 mm).During growingperiodsof crops,the influence of droughts,when occurring,were regional.【Conclusion】Precipitation can basically meet the demands of summer maize,spring maize and spring wheat needfor irrigationduring their rapidgrowth periods.However,winter wheat,cotton,and potato require irrigation during their mid-growth periods.

关 键 词：山西省 作物 灌溉需水量 干旱评价 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]