探究儿童主观性句法成分浮现的路径——基于双向生长理论模式的分析  

A Theoretical Analysis of Children's Acquisition of CP on the Basis of the Bidirectional Growth Model

作　　者：彭鹭鹭 胡建华 Peng Lu-lu;Hu Jian-hua(School of Foreign Studies,Beijing Information Science&Technology University,Beijing 100192,China;Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,China)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学外国语学院,北京100192 [2]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心,广州510420

出　　处：《外语学刊》2024年第6期9-14,共6页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“儿童语言发展的行为学和脑机制研究及临床应用与数据库建设”(23&ZD319);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“早期儿童句法结构的获得研究”(18YJC740074)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文从跨语言比较视角考察、分析儿童语言中主观性句法成分(即CP层的结构成分)的获得与生长。文章在对北京儿童语言发展长期跟踪数据充分分析的基础上,指出儿童在咿呀学语阶段的发声(vocalization)和独词阶段的叹词为CP层的浮现提供生物语言学(biolinguistic)基础,双词阶段产出的句末语气词则是在结构上实现为CP层成分。这说明儿童句法中与说话人相关联的CP层从一开始就浮现。CP层自上而下生长,位置更高的口气词先出现,位置更低的基本语气词后出现。上述发现得到跨语言儿童产出语料的支持。跨语言的儿童在咿呀学语阶段能用发声和语调表达不同的沟通意图,句末语气词语言(如日语)的儿童进入双词阶段后就能产出句末语气词,非句末语气词语言(如英语)的儿童在两岁前能够使用wh-疑问句。进一步指出,儿童语言双向生长模式可以恰当地解释跨语言儿童CP层较早获得以及CP层自上而下生长的现象。This paper discusses how CP grows in children from a cross-linguistic perspective.It is argued that vocalizations at the babbling stage and interjections at the single-word one as well as sentence-final particles at the two-word one by Mandarin-speaking children can be used as evidence in support of the hypothesis that CP is available to children at their earliest stage of language acquisition.It is further argued that CP develops gradually following a top-down order of acquisition as evidenced by the fact that the tone particles in the higher part of CP emerge earlier than the mood particles in the lower part of CP.The early emergence and top-down order of acquisition of CP are supported by cross-linguistic evidence.Children across languages are able to use vocalizations and make systematic use of intonation at the prelinguistic stage to express communicative functions.Furthermore,children speaking languages like Japanese could use sentence-final particles at the two-word stage,whereas for languages lacking a system of sentence-final particles,their children could produce wh-questions before the age of two.Cross-linguistic findings indicate that the early emergence and developmental path of CP are expected by the Bidirectional Growth Model.

关 键 词：儿童语言获得 双向生长模式 主观性 语力层 句末语气词 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]