后期维特根斯坦语言哲学理论建构的逻辑理路  

Logic of Theorization in Later Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Language

作　　者：霍永寿[1] Huo Yong-shou(Faculty of English Language and Culture,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学英文学院,广州510420

出　　处：《外语学刊》2024年第6期95-101,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：广东省高等教育“创新强校工程”项目“从CECL的设计理念看交际语言教学的哲学基础”(GWTP-LH-2015-01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文通过对《哲学研究》第1-44节的文本分析,尝试澄清目前国内后期维特根斯坦哲学研究中存在的3个基础性问题。文本分析发现,至少从语言哲学视角看,后期维特根斯坦遵循了从日常语言使用案例的分析入手,提出相关哲学概念,再以此为基本平面引入、讨论案例,最后得出关于语词意义一般性结论的论辩过程。以此为基础,后期维特根斯坦语言哲学理论的体系性表现为以嵌入生活形式的语言游戏为基本分析平面和分析单元的语词意义社会文化分析路径,其特点是参照构成生活形式的社会、文化、心智、生物等要素,在语言游戏平面上对语词意义进行“人类学式的”综合性观照。从内容看,后期维特根斯坦意义使用论与前期意义指称论并非决然对立,而是承续、包容、连贯的,前期乃是后期的一种情形。上述文本分析和发现可为后期维特根斯坦语言哲学本质的理解带来进一步的洞见。作为语言哲学基本论题的语词意义既可以是语词在语言游戏中的使用,也可以是语词的指称对象,只不过这里的指称也是发生于嵌入某一给定生活形式的语言游戏中。这样一种语言哲学观的后果是,语义学可以看作语用学的一个版本。By analyzing the text of the first 44 sections of Philosophical Investigations,this paper attempts to clarify three basic issues in the present study of later Wittgenstein's philosophy in China.A textual analysis of these sections finds that,at least from the language-philosophical perspective,later Wittgenstein is characterized by a consistent philosophizing process which starts with an analysis of examples of ordinary language use,proposes related philosophical concepts,then on basis of these concepts introduces and elaborates these or more examples,and finally comes to general conclusions concerning the meaning of words.From this,it follows that the theoretical systematicity of later Wittgenstein's philosophy of language lies in the socio-cultural way it approaches the meaning of words,in which language game as embedded in form of life is the basic level and unit of analysis.Also known as an“anthropological”overview,this approach examines the meaning of words at the level of language game with reference to such elements of form of life as society,culture,mind and biology.In terms of its content,later Wittgenstein's pragmatic theory of meaning as use does not diametrically oppose his earlier semantic theory of meaning as reference,but inherits,includes and continues it as a specific case.The above textual analysis and its findings can offer further insights into the nature of Later Wittgenstein's philosophy of language.The meaning of a word,a basic topic in the philosophy of language,can be its use in a language game,but it can also be the object the word refers to,the point here being that the reference of the word occurs as well within a language game which is embedded in a given form of life.A consequence of this view of the philosophy of language is that semantics can be regarded as a version of pragmatics.

关 键 词：后期维特根斯坦 语言哲学 理论建构 逻辑理路 语言游戏 生活形式 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]