褪黑素对两种穗型冬小麦小花发育成粒及营养供应的影响  

Effect of melatonin on floret development into grain and carbon nutrient supply in winter wheat with two spike types

作　　者：张荣 刘淋茹 陈如雪 张广乐 李雅辉 王璐媛 侯阁阁 贺利 段剑钊 冯伟[1] 王永华[1] 郭天财[1] ZHANG Rong;LIU Linru;CHEN Ruxue;ZHANG Guangle;LI Yahui;WANG Luyuan;HOU Gege;HE Li;DUAN Jianzhao;FENG Wei;WANG Yonghua;GUO Tiancai(College of Agronomy,Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学机电工程学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2024年第6期908-918,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101830);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2300204);财政部和农业农村部-国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确外源褪黑素(melatonin,MT)对两种穗型冬小麦小花发育成粒及营养供应的调控效应,为小麦大田生产通过施用外源调节剂促粒增产提供技术参考。【方法】以多穗型品种‘豫麦49-198’(V1)和大穗型品种‘周麦22’(V2)为试验材料,在大田条件下,小麦小花退化高峰前(小麦拔节后20 d左右)进行叶面喷施100μmol·L^(-1)MT和清水对照(CK)处理,研究MT对两种穗型冬小麦小花发育成粒、营养物质供应及产量形成的影响。【结果】大田条件下喷施MT可以有效提高两种穗型冬小麦不同穗位可孕小花数,且弱势位小花促进效果更好;可以提高两种穗型冬小麦的小花存活率和结实率,增幅分别为4.13%和5.35%(V1)、6.01%和6.19%(V2),对V2的调控效应更好。通径分析表明,顶展叶净光合速率、穗器官可溶性糖对可孕小花数影响最大,旗叶蔗糖磷酸合成酶(sucrose phosphate synthase,SPS)活性和穗部干物质积累量次之,而喷施MT可以有效提高两种穗型冬小麦喷施处理后0~15 d的顶展叶叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量、净光合速率、SPS酶活性以及茎、叶、穗器官可溶性糖和干物质积累量,为两种穗型冬小麦小花分化和发育提供了充足的营养物质供应。喷施MT显著提高了两种穗型冬小麦的产量和穗粒数,与各自CK相比,两种穗型冬小麦平均增产531.59 kg·hm^(-2)(V1)和744.57 kg·hm^(-2)(V2),增幅分别为6.35%(V1)和8.63%(V2),平均增粒2.07粒(V1)和2.64粒(V2),增幅分别为5.65%(V1)和6.71%(V2);对穗数和千粒质量的调控效应未达显著水平。【结论】大田条件下于小麦小花退化高峰前喷施MT,可以有效提高两种穗型冬小麦的顶展叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率和SPS酶活性,以增强小麦顶展叶光合生产能力,有利于植株茎、叶、穗各器官可溶性糖和干物质积累,为小花发育成粒提供充足的营养物质,进而实现促花增粒增产,且其对大穗型品种V2的调控效果�【Objective】To clarify the regulatory effects of exogenous melatonin(MT)on floret development into grain and nutrient supply in winter wheat of two spike types,and provide technical references for the application of exogenous regulators to increase grain number and improve yield in wheat field production.【Method】Using the multi-spike variety‘Yumai 49-198’(V1)and the large-spike variety‘Zhoumai 22’(V2)as experimental materials,foliar spraying of 100μmol·L^(-1)MT and fresh water control(CK)treatments were applied prior to the peak period of florets degradation(approximately 20 days after wheat jointing)under field conditions.This setup was used to investigate the effects of melatonin on floret development into grain,nutrient supply and yield formation in winter wheat with two spike types.【Result】Spraying MT could effectively increase the number of fertile florets across different spike positions for two spike types varieties under field conditions,and the effect of floret promotion in the weaker position was better.Additionally,MT treatment could increase the floret survival rate and floret setting rates by 4.13%and 5.35%in V1,and by 6.01%and 6.19%in V2,and the regulating effect on V2 variety was higher than V1 variety.Pathway analysis showed that net photosynthetic rate of top spread leaves and spike organ soluble sugar had the greatest direct effect on the number of fertile florets,followed by SPS enzyme activity of top spread leaves and spike dry matter accumulation.Spraying MT could effectively increase the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content,net photosynthetic rate,SPS enzyme activity of top spread leaves,and also the soluble sugar and dry matter accumulation in the stem,leaf and spike organ in the two spike types varieties from 0-15 days(d)after spraying treatment,and which provided sufficient nutrient supply for floret differentiation and development in winter wheat of two spike types.Spraying MT significantly increased the yield and grain number per spike of the two spike types vari

关 键 词：冬小麦 褪黑素 小花发育 穗粒数 营养物质供应 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]