花生捡拾收获机降尘草箱设计与气尘运动特性仿真  

Design and gas dust of peanut pickup harvester simulation of motion characteristics

作　　者：张策 刘源 王万章[1] 陈劲帆 何勋[1] 周培林 邵龙 ZHANG Ce;LIU Yuan;WANG Wanzhang;CHEN Jinfan;HE Xun;ZHOU Peilin;SHAO Long(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学机电工程学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2024年第6期1012-1020,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(62203154);河南省重大公益项目(201300110400)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究加装降尘装置减少花生捡拾收获作业中扬尘污染的可行性。【方法】通过土壤颗粒分布计算,结合中联收获4HJL-6型自走式花生捡拾收获机上可用空间,设计了滤筒式和旋风除尘式2种降尘草箱。基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD),采用离散相模型(discrete phase model, DPM)对降尘草箱内部气尘运动特性进行仿真分析和对比,以压力损失和颗粒停留时间为评价指标,对比分析降尘草箱的除尘性能,探寻最佳降尘效果。结合田间作业试验,用无人机实时监测扬尘颗粒分布情况进行验证。【结果】在仿真模拟过程中,总悬浮物颗粒(total suspended particulate, TSP)平均粒径设定为65μm时,滤筒式降尘草箱中颗粒物平均停留时间为2.89 s,压力损失703 Pa;旋风除尘式降尘草箱颗粒物平均停留时间为1.74 s,压力损失为358 Pa;当悬浮颗粒的粒径大于40μm时,方形旋风除尘器的分离效率可达100%。在无人机扬尘监测中,装载滤筒式降尘草箱后TSP监测平均值下降75.8%。【结论】2种降尘草箱均达到了预期降尘效果,滤筒式降尘草箱优于旋风除尘式降尘草箱,其应用经济性较好,空间比例较大。【Objective】To explore the feasibility of adding dust-dropping devices to reduce dust pollution in peanut picking and harvesting operations.【Method】The two types of dust reduction grass boxes(the filter cartridge type,the cyclone dust removal type)were designed through soil particle distribution calculation,combined with the 4HJL-6-type self-propelled peanut harvesting machine.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD),using discrete phase model(DPM)Simulation analysis and comparison were made to the internal air and dust movement characteristics of the dust drop casket,with pressure loss and particle retention time as evaluation indexes.Combined with field work tests,the results of the analysis were verified by real-time monitoring of dust particles by unmanned aerial vehicles.【Result】Total suspended matter particles during simulation(total suspended particulate,TSP)When the average particle size is set to 65μm,the average residence time of particulate matter in the filter box is 2.89 s,and the pressure loss is 703 Pa;The average residence time of particulate matter in Cyclone Dust Drop Box is 1.74 s and the pressure loss is 358 Pa;When the particle size of the suspended particles is greater than 40μm,the separation efficiency of the square cyclone can reach 100%.In unmanned aerial dust monitoring,the average value of TSP monitoring decreased by 75.8%after loading the filter cartridge.【Conclusion】Two kinds of dust drop grass boxes have achieved the expected dust drop effect,filter cartridge type dust reduction grass box is better than cyclone dust removal type dust reduction grass box,its application economy is better,the space proportion is larger.

关 键 词：花生捡拾收获机 旋风除尘式降尘草箱 滤筒式降尘草箱 气尘运动 总悬浮物颗粒 

分 类 号：S225.73[农业科学—农业机械化工程]