“晚清四大家”的名目生成与词学演进  

Formation of the“Four Ci Schools in Late Qing Dynasty”Title and Evolution of Ci Studies

作　　者：贾光奔 曹明升[1] JIA Guangben;CAO Mingsheng

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第10期17-30,共14页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“历代词籍选本叙录、珍稀版本汇刊与文献数据库建设”(16ZDA179)。

摘　　要：作为晚近词坛的经典性名目,“晚清四大家”经由“二家”“三家”至“四家”层累而成,是传统词学内部调整而生成的产物,并与常州词派“形塑”而成的“四家”意识及四人的经典化历程相关。况周颐前期的“缺席”与后期的“登台”,与其创作旨趣与学术重心的转移有着紧密联系,并得益于词坛领袖朱祖谋的揄扬。在词论家不同的阐释路径下,该名目被赋予了极为丰富的内涵,但以派别论四家、将郑文焯置于“重拙大”理论序列,以及放大“重拙大”在况周颐乃至王鹏运词学观念中的位置,无疑会强化“共性”掩盖“个性”,甚至遮蔽词史真实。As a classic title of late poetry,“Four Ci Schools in Late Qing Dynasty”is well known in academic circles,and a lot of research on Wang Pengyun,Zheng Wenzhuo,Zhu Zumou,and Kuang Zhouyi four masters has emerged.However,for the origin of the title,the academic circles lack an in-depth exploration and a diachronic and synchronic reflection.Although the title“Four Ci Schools in Late Qing Dynasty”can reflect the appearance of late Ci science to a certain extent,the academic circles excessive respect for this title is undoubtedly a kind of cover for the diversity of late Ci circles.In fact,there are still many key points about the generation and evolution of this title that are worth examining.Based on existing literature,this paper reveals a clue about the evolution of Ci in the late Qing Dynasty by combing the process of“Four Ci Schools in Late Qing Dynasty”,which is helpful for a more comprehensive investigation of Ci history and Ci science in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.After carefully combing the relevant poems,postscripts,diaries,letters,local chronicles,and other documents,this paper finds that the formation process of the title of“Four Ci Schools in Late Qing Dynasty”in the late Qing Dynasty actually has a very complicated background of the evolution of the pattern of Ci circles.The evolution of the title is closely related to the active period of the four masters in the Ci circle,which roughly presents the successive changes from“two masters”(Wang and Zheng)to“three masters”(Wang,Zheng,and Zhu),and then to“four masters”(Wang,Zheng,Zhu,and Kuang).This paper attempts to expand existing research in the following aspects.First,there is no special article to comprehensively discuss the origin of the title“Four Ci Schools in Late Qing Dynasty”.Based on existing literature,this paper expounds from perspectives of the north and south regions,the singing of Ci clubs,the communication of Ci writers,the selection and compilation of Ci,the concept of Ci school,the

关 键 词：晚清四大家 统序 话语构建 词史真实 

分 类 号：I209[文学—中国文学]