授权改革试点事项特定性的决定方法  

Decision Method of the Specificity of the Matter of Authorized Pilot Reform

作　　者：谭清值 TAN Qingzhi

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学智能司法研究院 [2]西南政法大学行政法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第10期61-74,共14页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：西南政法大学智能司法研究院专项课题“数字法治时代企业合规与备案审查的互动研究”(ZNHG2022K12)。

摘　　要：何种事项可以授权改革试点,这是授权者面临的首要问题。授权改革试点事项具有实在法基础和深厚法理支撑的特定性。授权改革试点制度的实质法治观意味着,授权事项特定性具有实质内容的限定,它包含且超越了仅要求符合形式的授权明确性。借由改革试点事项的类型化,可以架构起一套决定授权改革试点特定事项范围的方法体系。授权创制试点特定事项的决定方法包含关键两步:一是经过授权创制试点阻却事由的论证,确定创制试点事项的推定禁止范围和一律禁止范围;二是在前述推定禁止范围的事项内,经过创制试点个案中的利益衡量,最终确定是否作出授权决定。授权改制试点特定事项的决定方法包括两个层面:一是确定改制试点事项的授权禁区;二是在授权禁区之外,以实质违法的个案式判定为中心确定是否授权改制试点。To coordinate the relationship between reform and the rule of law,the Legislation Law revised in 2015 created a pilot system of authorized reform.The Legislation Law stipulates that the National People s Congress(NPC)and its Standing Committee may,in accordance with the needs of reform and development,decide to authorize some places to temporarily adjust or suspend the application of some provisions of the law within a certain period for specific matters in the field of administration.What matters can be authorized to the pilot reform?It is the primary problem faced by the authorizer.Article 16 of the Legislation Law amended in 2023 stipulates that the NPC and its Standing Committee can make a decision on the pilot reform of authorization on“specific matters”,and Article 79 stipulates that the State Council can also decide on the pilot reform on“specific matters in the field of administration”.Existing literature has formed four solutions:(1)statutory authority;(2)reservation of law;(3)the judgment of legality,infringement and importance;and(4)the principle of proportionality.However,the four solutions cannot solve the above problem.This paper,based on the practice of the decision of the authorized pilot reform,mainly engages in the filling and continuation of the norms in the legal methodology.The empirical review reveals that at present,the Standing Committee of the NPC has authorized as many as 26 reform pilot decisions,and the State Council has made 23 reform pilot decisions.This paper selects two levels of classification standards to carry out two types of reform pilot projects.The first type is at the basic framework level,including two aspects:the extent of the reform pilot to break through the legal system and the level of norms involved in the reform pilot.The most basic classification is the creation of pilot items and revised pilot items,which are divided based on the extent of the reform pilot to break through the legal system.The second type is at the level of case decision,which aims to prom

关 键 词：授权改革试点 特定事项 实质法治 类型化 授权决定方法 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]