志愿活动中社会支持、心理资本和孤独感对压力的影响  

Effect of social support,psychological capital,and loneliness on stress in volunteer activities

作　　者：李雅超 谢金营 李涛[1] LI Yachao;XIE Jinying;LI Tao(School of Health Policy and Management,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing100730,China;School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing100069,China)

机构地区：[1]北京协和医学院卫生健康管理政策学院,北京100730 [2]首都医科大学医学人文学院,北京100069

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2024年第32期105-109,共5页China Medical Herald

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-038)。

摘　　要：目的探讨志愿活动中社会支持、心理资本和孤独感对压力的影响。方法选择2022年2月至3月北京协和医学院在读学生222名为研究对象,根据是否参与志愿活动将其分为志愿者组105名和非志愿者组117名。采用领悟社会支持量表、心理资本量表、UCLA孤独感量表第三版及压力自评量表进行评估。采用Spearman和Pearson相关系数分析个体压力、孤独感、心理资本及社会支持的关系;采用SPSS的Process程序进行心理资本、孤独感在社会支持和压力间的链式中介作用;采用Amos软件进行志愿者组与非志愿者组的链式中介模型检验。结果压力与孤独感呈正相关(r=0.540,P<0.001),与心理资本、社会支持呈负相关(r=-0.480、-0.548,P<0.001);孤独感与心理资本、社会支持呈负相关(r=-0.585、-0.629,P<0.001);心理资本与社会支持呈正相关(r=0.732,P<0.001)。两组孤独感、心理资本、社会支持评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。社会支持可正向预测心理资本(β=0.723,P<0.001),负向预测孤独感(β=-0.431,P<0.001);心理资本可负向预测孤独感(β=-0.266,P<0.001);孤独感可正向预测个体压力(β=0.446,P<0.001)。志愿者组与非志愿者组的模型拟合较好,两组的链式中介路径存在差异,且差异存在于“社会支持-心理资本”路径。结论社会支持可通过心理资本及孤独感对个体压力产生影响,志愿活动中社会支持对个体压力的影响作用仍需后续深入探讨。Objective To explore the effect of social support,psychological capital,and loneliness on stress in volunteer activities.Methods A total of 222 students enrolled at Peking Union Medical College from February to March 2022 were selected as research subjects,and they were divided into the volunteer group of 105 students and the non-volunteer group of 117 students based on whether they participated in volunteer activities.Perceived social support scale,psychological capital scale,UCLA loneliness scale third edition,and self rating stress scale were used to evaluate.The relationship between individual stress,loneliness,psychological capital,and social support was analyzed by using Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients.Chain mediated effects of psychological capital and loneliness on social support and stress was investigated by using SPSS Process program.Chain mediation model between the volunteer group and the non-volunteer group was tested by using Amos.Results Stress was positively correlated with loneliness(r=0.540,P<0.001),and negatively correlated with psychological capital and social support(r=-0.480,-0.548,P<0.001);loneliness was negatively correlated with psychological capital and social support(r=-0.585,-0.629,P<0.001);psychological capital was positively correlated with social support(r=0.732,P<0.001).There were statistically significant differences in the scores of loneliness,psychological capital,and social support between the two groups(P<0.05).Social support can positively predict psychological capital(β=0.723,P<0.001),and negatively predict loneliness(β=-0.431,P<0.001);psychological capital can negatively predict loneliness(β=-0.266,P<0.001);loneliness can positively predict individual stress(β=0.446,P<0.001).The models of the volunteer group and the non-volunteer group fited well,and there were differences in tchain mediation path between the two groups,which existed in“social support-psychological capital”path.Conclusion Social support can influence individual stress through the medi

关 键 词：志愿活动 社会支持 心理资本 孤独感 压力 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]