单方侵权型夫妻共同债务的认定标准  

Criteria for Determining Joint Debt between Spouses in Cases of Unilateral Infringement

作　　者：田韶华[1] 冀天怡 TIAN Shaohua;JI Tianyi(Law School,Hebei University of Economics and Business,Shijiazhuang 050061,China)

机构地区：[1]河北经贸大学法学院,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《河北科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期93-101,共9页Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology:Social Sciences

基　　金：河北经贸大学地方法治建设研究中心项目。

摘　　要：因夫妻一方对外侵权产生的债务存在成立夫妻共同债务的空间,但《民法典》第一千零六十四条关于夫妻共同债务的规定不能适用于单方侵权型夫妻共同债务,《民法典》物权编以及侵权责任编的相关规定也不足以作为认定此类夫妻共同债务的依据,其认定标准需要重新予以厘定。在考量夫妻共同债务认定的抽象标准以及单方侵权型夫妻共同债务特性的基础上提出,应将“家庭利益及附随风险”作为单方侵权型夫妻共同债务的认定标准。其中家庭利益的范围包括直接利益和间接利益、经济利益和生活利益;共同生活附随风险的范围则包括侵权人基于过失或无过错应当承担的侵权责任,而因侵权人故意导致的侵权责任原则上应排除在共同生活附随风险的范围之外。在夫妻一方的侵权责任落入共同生活附随风险范围的前提下,非侵权配偶方应对该侵权行为未使家庭获益承担举证责任,举证不能,则应认定为夫妻共同债务。criteria for determining joint marital debt and the characteristics of unilateral infringement type joint marital debt,"family interests and accompanying risks"should be taken as the criteria for determining unilateral infringement type joint marital debt.The scope of family interests includes direct and indirect interests,economic interests,and livelihood interests;The scope of risks associated with living together includes the tort liability that the infringer should bear based on fault or no fault,while the tort liability caused by the infringer′s intention should be excluded from the scope of risks associated with living together in principle.On the premise that the infringement liability of one spouse falls within the scope of risks associated with joint living,the non-infringing spouse should bear the burden of proof that the infringement has not benefited the family.If the evidence can not be provided,it should be recognized as a joint debt of the couple.

关 键 词：侵权之债 夫妻共同债务 家庭利益 附随风险 举证责任 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]