肥料物理性质对无人机撒肥均匀性的影响  

Effects of physical properties of fertilizer on the uniformity of UAV fertilization

作　　者：周圆 沈云鹏 段志平 李月帅 张卫峰[1] ZHOU Yuan;SHEN Yunpeng;DUAN Zhiping;LI Yueshuai;ZHANG Weifeng(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第12期57-71,共15页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：支撑华北绿色超吨粮的高效功能肥料创制与应用项目(PC2023A02001);巢湖面源污染关键技术研究项目(二期)(1031-69194009)。

摘　　要：为探究不同肥料物理性状与无人机播撒均匀度之间的关系,测定3种复合肥与3种颗粒尿素的颗粒物理力学特性参数,并且在不同飞行速度、不同飞行高度和不同离心盘转速下,探寻影响无人机施肥均匀性的肥料物性指标,同时初步建立各种肥料最优的作业参数。结果表明:1)肥料撒施均匀度与肥料的比重、休止角及堆密度的相关性最为显著,其他指标通过影响肥料的比重、休止角及堆密度进而影响施肥均匀度。2)不同肥料适配的最优参数不同,在本研究飞行环境下,4 m飞行高度、5 m/s飞行速度,15-15-15在1100 r/min转速下播撒均匀度最高;3)本研究初步得出2种肥料相较而言,复合肥播撒的均匀度更佳,撒肥量更大。不同飞行参数下15-15-15的均匀度普遍高于其他肥料,变异系数较小。肥料的高强度与较大的球形度显著提升了水稻施肥效率,促进了无人机对肥料的播撒,降低了肥料损失。适配无人机的肥料确实能够提高肥料的播撒均匀度。In order to explore the relationship between the physical properties of different fertilizers and the uniformity of UAV seeding,the physical and mechanical characteristics of three kinds of compound fertilizers and three kinds of granular urea were determined,and the physical properties of fertilizers affecting the uniformity of UAV fertilization were explored under different flight speeds,different flight altitudes and different centrifugal disk speeds,and the optimal operating parameters of various fertilizers were preliminarily established.The results showed that:1)The correlation between the uniformity of fertilizer spreading and the specific gravity,angle of repose and bulk density of fertilizer was the most significant,and other indexes affected the uniformity of fertilization by affecting the specific gravity,angle of repose and bulk density of fertilizer.2)The optimal parameters of different fertilizer adaptation are different,and the spreading uniformity is the highest at 4 m flight altitude and 5 m/s flight speed,and 15-15-15 at 1100 r/min speed.3)Compared with other fertilizers,15-15-15 has better uniformity and a larger amount of fertilizer.The uniformity of 15-15-15 was generally higher than that of other fertilizers under different flight parameters,and the coefficient of variation was smaller.Its high strength and large sphericity significantly improve the fertilization efficiency of rice,promote the sowing of fertilizer by drones,and reduce fertilizer loss.Fertilizers adapted to drones can indeed improve the evenness of fertilizer spreading.

关 键 词：无人机施肥 颗粒肥料 理化性质 飞行参数 播撒均匀度 

分 类 号：S145.5[农业科学—肥料学]