优化减氮对稻田温室气体排放和产量的影响  

The impact of optimized nitrogen reduction on greenhouse gas emissions and yield in paddy fields

作　　者：江天 郭佳旭 周冉冉 张鑫 徐霄 张卫峰[1] 田静[1] JIANG Tian;GUO Jiaxu;ZHOU Ranran;ZHANG Xin;XU Xiao;ZHANG Weifeng;TIAN Jing(College of Resources and Environment Sciences/National Academy of Agriculture Green Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Quzhou Beautiful Countryside Construction Center,Quzhou 323000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/国家农业绿色发展研究院,北京100193 [2]衢州市美丽乡村建设中心,浙江衢州323000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第12期72-81,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071629);衢州市农业碳中和账户建设项目(衢农合2021-27);碳账户核算及减排固碳技术研究项目(衢农合2022-31)。

摘　　要：为探究稻田固碳减排与高产稳产技术,基于优化减氮定位试验,选取不同施肥处理的一季稻田为研究对象,设置不施氮肥、农民传统常规施肥、含脲酶抑制剂尿素减氮36%和生物炭基肥减氮36%这4个处理,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,对生育期内稻田土壤CH_(4)和N_(2)O的排放进行监测并测定水稻产量。结果表明:与农民传统常规施肥相比,减氮处理均降低了稻田CH_(4)的累积排放量,其中含脲酶抑制剂尿素和生物炭基肥处理降幅分别为15.0%和68.9%。各处理土壤CH_(4)排放通量均呈单峰型曲线,主要集中在水稻分蘖旺期。和农民传统常规施肥相比,含脲酶抑制剂尿素处理降低稻田N_(2)O排放通量19.6%,生物炭基肥处理增加7.8%。土壤N_(2)O排放高峰主要在分蘖旺期,分蘖末期N_(2)O排放下降但仍处于较高水平。含脲酶抑制剂尿素处理降低全球增温潜势和温室气体排放强度15.9%和9.6%,生物炭基肥处理无显著变化。与农民传统常规施肥相比,含脲酶抑制剂尿素和生物炭基肥处理水稻产量并无显著差异。因此,在优化减氮36%的基础上含脲酶抑制剂尿素和生物炭基肥可以维持稻田产量并降低温室气体排放,尤其是含脲酶抑制剂尿素具有更高的减排潜力。该研究为稻田低碳生产管理提供了理论支撑和技术参考。In order to explore the technology for both carbon sequestration,emission reduction,high yield and stable yield in paddy field,one-season paddy field with different fertilization treatments was taken as the research object.Based on the optimized nitrogen reduction positioning test,four treatments were set up as follows:no nitrogen fertilizer,traditional conventional fertilization by farmers,nitrogen reduction of 36% by urease-containing inhibitor urea and 36% nitrogen reduction by biochar-based fertilizer.The emissions of CH_(4) and N_(2)O in paddy soil were monitored during the growth period and the rice yield was determined by static chamber-gas chromatography.The results showed that:Compared with the traditional conventional fertilization,the nitrogen reduction treatment reduced the cumulative emission of CH_(4) in paddy field,and the urease-containing inhibitor urea and biochar-based fertilizer treatment decreased by 15.0% and 68.9%,respectively.The CH_(4) emission flux of each treatment showed a unimodal curve,which was mainly concentrated in the peak tillering period of rice.Compared with the traditional conventional fertilization,the urease-containing inhibitor urea treatment reduced the N_(2)O emission flux of paddy field by 19.6%,and increased the biochar-based fertilizer treatment by 7.8%.The peak of soil N_(2)O emission was mainly in the peak tillering stage,and the N_(2)O emission decreased but remained at a high level at the end of tillering.Compared with the traditional conventional fertilization,the urease-containing inhibitor urea treatment reduced global warming potential and greenhouse gas emission intensity by 15.9% and 9.6%,respectively,and there was no significant change in biochar-based fertilizer treatment.There was no significant difference in rice yield between urease-containing inhibitor urea and biochar-based fertilizer compared with conventional fertilization.Therefore,urease-containing inhibitor urea and biochar-based fertilizer can maintain paddy yield and reduce greenhouse gas emiss

关 键 词：生物炭 脲酶抑制剂 稻田 温室气体排放 全球增温潜势 

分 类 号：S363[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]