不同农业废弃物对烤烟连作土壤土传病害防控的潜力研究  

Study on the potential of difference agricultural wastes to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping

作　　者：杨冬寒 孙军伟[2] 雷吉琳 李冬佳 杨婷 王琪[1] 刘蕊 赵国明[2] 李娟[2] 王涵 YANG Donghan;SUN Junwei;LEI Jilin;LI Dongjia;YANG Ting;WANG Qi;LIU Rui;ZHAO Guoming;LI Juan;WANG Han(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Dali Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Dali 671000,China;Weishan Branch,Dali Prefecture Tobacco Company,Weishan 672400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南大理671000 [3]大理州烟草公司巍山县分公司,云南巍山672499

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第12期111-126,共16页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划重大项目(2023530000241018)。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜云南大理州且对烤烟连作障碍有消减效果的农业废弃物,首先从Web of Science和中国知网数据库中检索与消减烤烟连作障碍研究相关的文献,通过Meta分析筛选出对烤烟连作障碍有消减效果的3大类农业废弃物;其次从这3大类中各选取1种云南大理州易获取的农业废弃物,通过实验室培养试验,进一步探究选取的3种农业废弃物对云南大理州不同连作年限(1年和5年)烟田土壤理化性质和致病菌的影响。结果表明:1)Meta分析结果表明,施加生物炭、豆饼油枯和畜禽粪便3大类农业废弃物能够明显提高连作烤烟产量(增幅分别为15.78%、9.78%、7.43%),提升连作烟叶化学成分协调性,显著增加连作土壤有机质(增幅分别为31.61%、24.37%、13.41%)和速效钾(增幅分别为27.95%、26.35%、20.02%)的含量;2)与不添加农业废弃物相比,在连作1年和连作5年的植烟土壤中,添加干牛粪(畜禽粪便)、菜籽饼粕(豆饼油枯)和玉米秸秆炭(生物炭)3种农业废弃物降低了土壤pH,提高了土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量;3)施加3种农业废弃物能够改变真菌的多样性和的群落结构,显著降低了烤烟根腐病致病菌——镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的相对丰度,增加了生防菌毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)的相对丰度,对烟草根腐病有一定的抑制效果。因此,施加干牛粪、菜籽饼粕和玉米秸秆炭均能够有效改善云南大理州植烟土壤的理化性质,有利于缓解烤烟连作产生的真菌性土传病害,在一定程度上能够缓解烤烟连作障碍。相较于干牛粪和玉米秸秆炭,施加菜籽饼粕消减烤烟连作障碍的效果更好。该研究可为研发消减烤烟连作障碍有机肥产品的原料选取提供理论支撑。The aim of this study is to select the agricultural wastes,which are suitable for Dali Prefecture of Yunnan Province and have the effect of reducing the continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco.Firstly,literature related to the reduction of continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco were retrieved from the Web of Science and CNKI databases,and three categories of agricultural wastes having the effect of continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco were identified by Meta-analysis.One type of easy-to-obtain agricultural wastes from each category was then selected,and the effects of three agricultural wastes on the soil physical and chemical properties and pathogenic bacteria of tobacco fields with different continuous cropping years(1 year and 5 years)were further explored through laboratory culture experiments.The results showed that:1)The meta-analysis revealed that the application of biochar,oil cake,livestock and poultry manure could significantly increase the yields of continuous-crop flue-cured tobacco by 15.78%,9.78%,and 7.43%,enhance the harmonization of the chemical compositions of continuous cropping fluecured tobacco,and significantly increase the contents of organic matter by 31.61%,24.37%,and 13.41%,and available potassium in continuous-crop soils by 27.95%,26.35%,and 20.02%,respectively;2)Compared with the addition of no agricultural wastes,the addition of three kinds of agricultural wastes,namely dry cow dung(livestock and poultry manure),rapeseed cake meal(oil cake),and corn stover biochar(biochar)reduced soil pH and increased soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium contents in tobacco planting soils after 1 and 5 years of continuous cropping;3)At the same time,the application of three kinds of agricultural wastes changed the diversity and community structure of soil fungi,significantly reduced the relative abundance of Fusarium,the causal agent of tobacco root rot,and increased the relative abundance of Chaetomium,the preventive fun

关 键 词：Meta分析 农业废弃物 烤烟 连作障碍 土壤微生物 致病菌 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]